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Ciliated epithelial-specific and regional-specific expression and regulation of the estrogen receptor-2 in the fallopian tubes of immature rats: a possible mechanism for estrogen-mediated transport process in vivo

¹Department of Physiology/Endocrinology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology; ²Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska University Hospital; ³Centre for Cellular Imaging, Core facilities; ⁴Perinatal Center, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology; and ⁵Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden

Submitted 14 February 2007 ; accepted in final form 14 March 2007

Several ER isoforms have been identified in human and rodent tissues, but it is unclear whether each isoform has distinctly different cellular targeting characteristics and physiological functions. We have investigated the intracellular localization and regulatory patterns for ER isoforms in rat fallopian tubes. Western blot analysis reveals that two ER isoforms corresponding to ER1 and ER2 are expressed in rat fallopian tubes. However, ER2 is the predominant form of ER in this tissue. High-resolution confocal imaging and immunohistochemical analysis provide ample evidence that ER expression is limited almost exclusively to the ciliated epithelial cells, in contrast to ER, which is widely distributed. Furthermore, within the ciliated epithelial cells, ER is colocalized with -tubulin IV at stem portion of the cilia. We show that ER2 protein expression is tightly regulated by E₂ or DPN in a time-dependent manner without changes in ER1 expression. These estrogenic effects are inhibited by an ER antagonist, ICI 182,780. In addition, significant alteration of ER immunoreactivity is detected only histologically in the ampullary region. Since the cilia are considered an essential determinant of tubal transport, we further demonstrate that E₂- or DPN-induced ER2 activation is associated with alterations in tubal protein expression crucial for the regulation of calcium-dependent ciliary beating. Given the coordinated regulation and interaction of ER and progesterone receptor in the cilia, we hypothesize that tubal ER2 may facilitate the estrogen-mediated transport process by processing protein-protein interaction under physiological and/or pathological conditions. We show for the first time that a previously unrecognized localization of ER isoform in rat fallopian tubes can combine with estrogen to individually control the expression of ER -isoforms in normal target tissues.

estrogen receptor- isoform; ciliated epithelial cells; ampulla

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