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The gastroenteroinsular response to glucose ingestion during postexercise recovery

Aine M. O’Connor,¹ Suresh Pola,³ Blathnaid M. Ward,² Davina Fillmore,¹ Keith D. Buchanan,^1, and John P. Kirwan^2,3,4,5,6

¹Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, School of Medicine, The Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast, N. Ireland; ²Schwartz Center for Metabolism and Nutrition, ³Departments of Medicine, ⁴Physiology, and ⁵Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH; and ⁶National Coaching and Training Center, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland

Submitted 17 October 2005 ; accepted in final form 5 January 2006

This study examined gastrointestinal hormone and peptide responses when glucose was ingested after prolonged exercise. Six endurance-trained male athletes ran on a treadmill for 2 h at 60% O_{2 max}. Immediately after the run, the athletes consumed 75 g of glucose in 250 ml of water (ExGLU) or flavored water as a placebo control (ExPL). On a separate visit, the athletes rested for 2 h and then consumed glucose (ConGLU). During the first 60 min of recovery from exercise alone (ExPL), plasma vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), gastrin, and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) all increased significantly, whereas glucose, insulin, and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) were unchanged from the immediate postexercise value. When glucose was ingested after exercise (ExGLU), glucose, insulin, VIP, gastrin, GLP-1, and GIP were all increased (P < 0.01). However, when glucose was ingested after resting for 2 h (ConGLU), VIP levels were unaffected, although glucose, insulin, gastrin, GLP-1, and GIP levels increased (P < 0.05). The plasma glucose response was greater (P < 0.03) and the plasma insulin response lower (P < 0.004) during ExGLU compared with ConGLU. There was a significantly higher (P < 0.01) VIP response during the initial period of recovery in ExGLU than there was with both ExPL and ConGLU. Plasma VIP showed a modest negative correlation with circulating glucose (r = –0.35, P < 0.03) and insulin (r = –0.37, P < 0.03) during the ExGLU recovery period. In summary, when glucose is ingested after prolonged exercise, there is mild insulin resistance and a corresponding rapid transitory increase in plasma VIP. These data suggest that VIP may play an important glucoregulatory role when glucose is ingested during the immediate postexercise recovery period.

insulin resistance; gut peptides; exercise performance; carbohydrate

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