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Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 290: E731-E738, 2006. First published November 1, 2005; doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00415.2005
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Anabolic signaling and protein synthesis in human skeletal muscle after dynamic shortening or lengthening exercise

Daniel J. Cuthbertson,1,2 John Babraj,2 Kenneth Smith,3 Emilie Wilkes,3 Mark J. Fedele,4 Karyn Esser,4,5 and Michael Rennie2,3

1Department of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School 2Division of Molecular Physiology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland 3School of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate Entry Medical School, University of Nottingham, Derby City Hospital, Derby, United Kingdom 4School of Kinesiology, University of Illinois, Chicago Illinois 5Department of Physiology College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.

Submitted 1 September 2005 ; accepted in final form 26 October 2005

We hypothesized a differential activation of the anabolic signaling proteins protein kinase B (PKB) and p70 S6 kinase (p70S6K) and subsequent differential stimulation of human muscle protein synthesis (MPS) after dynamic shortening or lengthening exercise. Eight healthy men [25 ± 5 yr, BMI 26 ± 3 kg/m–2 (means ± SD)] were studied before and after 12 min of repeated stepping up to knee height, and down again, while carrying 25% of their body weight, i.e., shortening exercise with the "up" leg and lengthening exercise with contralateral "down" leg. Quadriceps biopsies were taken before and 3, 6, and 24 h after exercise. After exercise, over 2 h before the biopsies, the subjects ingested 500 ml of water containing 45 g of essential amino acids and 135 g of sucrose. Rates of muscle protein synthesis were determined via incorporation over time of [1-13C]leucine (≤6 h after exercise) or [1-13C]valine (21–24 h after exercise) and phosphorylation of signaling proteins by Western analysis. PKB and p70S6K phosphorylation increased ~3-fold after 3 h and remained elevated at 6 and 24 h. After exercise, rates of myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic protein synthesis were unchanged over the period including exercise and 3 h of recovery but had increased significantly at 6 (~3.0- and 2.4-fold, respectively) and 24 h (~3.2- and 2.0-fold, respectively), independently of the mode of exercise. Short-term dynamic exercise in either shortening or lengthening mode increases MPS at least as much as resistance exercise and is associated with long-term activation of PKB and p70S6K.

exercise-induced anabolism; myofibrillar; sarcoplasmic; collagen synthesis


Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: M. J. Rennie, School of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate Entry Medical School, Univ. of Nottingham, Derby City Hospital, Derby DE22 3DT, UK (michael.rennie{at}nottingham.ac.uk)




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