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1 School of Physical and Health Education, and 2 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6; and 3 Centers for Integrated Health Research, The Cooper Institute, Dallas, Texas 75230
We examined the independent associations
among abdominal adipose tissue (AT), liver fat, cardiorespiratory
fitness (CRF), and lipid variables in 161 Caucasian men who had a wide
variation in adiposity. We measured AT and liver fat by computed
tomography and CRF by a maximal exercise test on a treadmill. Visceral
AT remained a significant (P 
0.05) predictor of plasma
triglycerides (TG), high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and
total cholesterol (TC)/HDL-C ratio (TC/HDL-C) after statistical control for abdominal subcutaneous AT, CRF, and alcohol consumption. Abdominal subcutaneous AT was not a significant (P 
0.05) correlate
of any lipid variable after control for visceral AT and CRF.
Furthermore, subdivision of subcutaneous AT into deep and superficial
depots did not alter these observations. Visceral AT was the strongest correlate of liver fat and remained so after control for abdominal subcutaneous AT, CRF, and alcohol consumption (r = 
0.34, P < 0.01). In contrast, abdominal subcutaneous
AT and CRF were not significant (P > 0.10) correlates
of liver fat after control for visceral AT. Visceral AT remained a
significant (P < 0.01) correlate of TG, HDL-C, and
TC/HDL-C independent of liver fat. However, liver fat was also a
significant correlate (P 0.05) of fasting glucose and TG
independent of visceral AT. These observations reinforce the importance
of visceral obesity in the pathogenesis of dyslipidemia in men, and
they suggest that visceral AT and liver fat carry independent health risk.
abdominal adipose tissue; cardiorespiratory fitness; metabolic risk
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