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1 Department of Exercise Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst 01003; 2 Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism and 3 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, Massachusetts 01199; and 4 Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59813
To assess the roles of endogenous estrogen (E2) and progesterone (P4) in regulating exercise carbohydrate use, we used pharmacological suppression and replacement to create three distinct hormonal environments: baseline (B), with E2 and P4 low; estrogen only (E), with E2 high and P4 low; and estrogen/progesterone (E + P), with E2 and P4 high. Blood glucose uptake (Rd), total carbohydrate oxidation (CHOox), and estimated muscle glycogen utilization (EMGU) were assessed during 60 min of submaximal exercise by use of stable isotope dilution and indirect calorimetry in eight eumenorrheic women. Compared with B (1.26 ± 0.04 g/min) and E + P (1.27 ± 0.04 g/min), CHOox was lower with E (1.05 ± 0.02 g/min). Glucose Rd tended to be lower with E and E + P relative to B. EMGU was 25% lower with E than with B or E + P. Plasma free fatty acids (FFA) were inversely related to EMGU (r2 = 0.49). The data suggest that estrogen lowers CHOox by reducing EMGU and glucose Rd. Progesterone increases EMGU but not glucose Rd. The opposing actions of E2 and P4 on EMGU may be mediated by their impact on FFA availability or vice versa.
ovarian hormones; menstrual cycle; fat oxidation; stable isotope; glycogen
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