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Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 282: E911-E916, 2002. First published November 27, 2001; doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00328.2001
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Vol. 282, Issue 4, E911-E916, April 2002

Gastrointestinal absorption and plasma kinetics of soy Delta 5-phytosterols and phytostanols in humans

Richard E. Ostlund Jr.1, Janet B. McGill1, Chun-Min Zeng3, Douglas F. Covey3, Jay Stearns5, William F. Stenson2, and Curtis A. Spilburg4

Divisions of 1 Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, and 2 Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, and 3 Department of Molecular Biology and Pharmacology, Washington University, St. Louis 63110; 4 Lifeline Technologies Inc., Chesterfield, Missouri 63017; and 5 Seres Laboratories, Santa Rosa, California 95403

Our objective was to measure the systemic absorption of lecithin-emulsified Delta 5-phytosterols and phytostanols during test meals by use of dual stable isotopic tracers. Ten healthy subjects underwent two single-meal absorption tests in random order 2 wk apart, one with intravenous dideuterated Delta 5-phytosterols and oral pentadeuterated Delta 5-phytosterols and the other with the corresponding labeled stanols. The oral-to-intravenous tracer ratio in plasma, a reflection of absorption, was measured by a sensitive negative ion mass spectroscopic technique and became constant after 2 days. Absorption from 600 mg of Delta 5-soy sterols given with a standard test breakfast was 0.512 ± 0.038% for sitosterol and 1.89 ± 0.27% for campesterol. The absorption from 600 mg of soy stanols was 0.0441 ± 0.004% for sitostanol and 0.155 ± 0.017% for campestanol. Reduction of the double bond at position 5 decreased absorption by 90%. Plasma t1/2 for stanols was significantly shorter than that for Delta 5-sterols. We conclude that the efficiency of phytosterol absorption is lower than what was reported previously and is critically dependent on the structure of both sterol nucleus and side chain.

diet; sitosterol; campesterol; sitostanol; campestanol; clinical study; mass spectrometry; deuterium; cholesterol


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