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ARTICLES
We have evaluated the feasibility of using a mathematical model of glucose disappearance to estimate insulin sensitivity. Glucose was injected into conscious dogs at 100, 200, or 300 mg/kg. The measured time course of insulin was regarded as the "input," and the falling glucose concentration as the "output" of the physiological system storing and using glucose. Seven mathematical models of glucose uptake were compared to identify the representation most capable of simulating glucose disappearance. One specific nonlinear model was superior in that it 1) predicted the time course of glucose after glucose injection, 2) had four parameters that could be precisely estimated, and 3) described individual experiments with similar parameter values. Insulin sensitivity index (SI), defined as the dependence of fractional glucose disappearance on plasma insulin, was the ratio of two parameters of the chosen model and could be estimated with good reproducibility from the 300 mg/kg injection experiments (SI = 7.00 X 10(-4) +/- 24% (coefficient of variation) min-1/(microU/ml) (n = 8)). Thus, from a single glucose injection it is possible to obtain a quantitative index of insulin sensitivity that may have clinical applicability.
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F. Krempler, H. Esterbauer, R. Weitgasser, C. Ebenbichler, J. R. Patsch, K. Miller, M. Xie, V. Linnemayr, H. Oberkofler, and W. Patsch A Functional Polymorphism in the Promoter of UCP2 Enhances Obesity Risk but Reduces Type 2 Diabetes Risk in Obese Middle-Aged Humans Diabetes, November 1, 2002; 51(11): 3331 - 3335. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. E. Fingerlin, M. R. Erdos, R. M. Watanabe, K. R Wiles, H. M. Stringham, K. L. Mohlke, K. Silander, T. T. Valle, T. A. Buchanan, J. Tuomilehto, et al. Variation in Three Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Calpain-10 Gene Not Associated With Type 2 Diabetes in a Large Finnish Cohort Diabetes, May 1, 2002; 51(5): 1644 - 1648. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. J. Greenbaum, R. L. Prigeon, and D. A. D'Alessio Impaired {beta}-Cell Function, Incretin Effect, and Glucagon Suppression in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Who Have Normal Fasting Glucose Diabetes, April 1, 2002; 51(4): 951 - 957. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Cnop, M. J. Landchild, J. Vidal, P. J. Havel, N. G. Knowles, D. R. Carr, F. Wang, R. L. Hull, E. J. Boyko, B. M. Retzlaff, et al. The Concurrent Accumulation of Intra-Abdominal and Subcutaneous Fat Explains the Association Between Insulin Resistance and Plasma Leptin Concentrations : Distinct Metabolic Effects of Two Fat Compartments Diabetes, April 1, 2002; 51(4): 1005 - 1015. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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G. Pillonetto, G. Sparacino, P. Magni, R. Bellazzi, and C. Cobelli Minimal model SI=0 problem in NIDDM subjects: nonzero Bayesian estimates with credible confidence intervals Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, March 1, 2002; 282(3): E564 - E573. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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N. G. Knowles, M. A. Landchild, W. Y. Fujimoto, and S. E. Kahn Insulin and Amylin Release Are Both Diminished in First-Degree Relatives of Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Diabetes Care, February 1, 2002; 25(2): 292 - 297. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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E. Breda, G. Toffolo, K. S. Polonsky, and C. Cobelli Insulin Release in Impaired Glucose Tolerance: Oral Minimal Model Predicts Normal Sensitivity to Glucose but Defective Response Times Diabetes, February 1, 2002; 51(90001): S227 - 233. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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H. Wang, J. Rissanen, R. Miettinen, P. Karkkainen, P. Kekalainen, J. Kuusisto, L. Mykkanen, P. Karhapaa, and M. Laakso New Amino Acid Substitutions in the IRS-2 Gene in Finnish and Chinese Subjects With Late-Onset Type 2 Diabetes Diabetes, August 1, 2001; 50(8): 1949 - 1951. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. Song, J. Y. Oh, Y.-A. Sung, Y. K. Pak, K. S. Park, and H. K. Lee Peripheral Blood Mitochondrial DNA Content Is Related to Insulin Sensitivity in Offspring of Type 2 Diabetic Patients Diabetes Care, May 1, 2001; 24(5): 865 - 869. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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 J. Q. Purnell, S. E. Kahn, R. S. Schwartz, and J. D. Brunzell Relationship of Insulin Sensitivity and ApoB Levels to Intra-abdominal Fat in Subjects With Familial Combined Hyperlipidemia Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., April 1, 2001; 21(4): 567 - 572. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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E. Breda, M. K. Cavaghan, G. Toffolo, K. S. Polonsky, and C. Cobelli Oral Glucose Tolerance Test Minimal Model Indexes of {beta}-Cell Function and Insulin Sensitivity Diabetes, January 1, 2001; 50(1): 150 - 158. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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P. Vicini and C. Cobelli The iterative two-stage population approach to IVGTT minimal modeling: improved precision with reduced sampling Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, January 1, 2001; 280(1): E179 - E186. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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K. J. Kaiyala, R. L. Prigeon, S. E. Kahn, S. C. Woods, D. Porte Jr., and M. W. Schwartz Reduced beta -cell function contributes to impaired glucose tolerance in dogs made obese by high-fat feeding Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, October 1, 1999; 277(4): E659 - E667. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. Cobelli, A. Caumo, and M. Omenetto Minimal model SG overestimation and SI underestimation: improved accuracy by a Bayesian two-compartment model Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, September 1, 1999; 277(3): E481 - E488. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 A. D. Gaetano, G. Mingrone, M. Castagneto, and M. Calvani Carnitine Increases Glucose Disposal in Humans J. Am. Coll. Nutr., August 1, 1999; 18(4): 289 - 295. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. C. Lovejoy, S. R. Smith, J. J. Zachwieja, G. A. Bray, M. M. Windhauser, P. J. Wickersham, J. D. Veldhuis, R. Tulley, and J. A. de la Bretonne Low-dose T3 improves the bed rest model of simulated weightlessness in men and women Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, August 1, 1999; 277(2): E370 - E379. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. Caumo, P. Vicini, J. J. Zachwieja, A. Avogaro, K. Yarasheski, D. M. Bier, and C. Cobelli Undermodeling affects minimal model indexes: insights from a two-compartment model Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, June 1, 1999; 276(6): E1171 - E1193. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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K. Zierler Whole body glucose metabolism Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, March 1, 1999; 276(3): E409 - E426. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. Cobelli, F. Bettini, A. Caumo, and M. J. Quon Overestimation of minimal model glucose effectiveness in presence of insulin response is due to undermodeling Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, December 1, 1998; 275(6): E1031 - E1036. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. J. Dechenes, C. B. Verchere, S. Andrikopoulos, and S. E. Kahn Human aging is associated with parallel reductions in insulin and amylin release Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, November 1, 1998; 275(5): E785 - E791. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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F. Leyva, I. F. Godsland, M. Ghatei, A. J. Proudler, S. Aldis, C. Walton, S. Bloom, and J. C. Stevenson Hyperleptinemia as a Component of a Metabolic Syndrome of Cardiovascular Risk Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., June 1, 1998; 18(6): 928 - 933. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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G. Pacini, G. Tonolo, M. Sambataro, M. Maioli, M. Ciccarese, E. Brocco, A. Avogaro, and R. Nosadini Insulin sensitivity and glucose effectiveness: minimal model analysis of regular and insulin-modified FSIGT Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, April 1, 1998; 274(4): E592 - E599. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. Rostami-Hodjegan, S. R. Peacey, E. George, S. R. Heller, and G. T. Tucker Population-based modeling to demonstrate extrapancreatic effects of tolbutamide Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, April 1, 1998; 274(4): E758 - E771. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. Caumo, C. Cobelli;, and D. T. Finegood Letters to the Editor Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, March 1, 1998; 274(3): E573 - E576. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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