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1 Movement Sciences, Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute Maastricht (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands; , Netherlands
2 Movement Sciences, Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute Maastricht (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
3 Human Biology, Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute Maastricht (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Netherlands; Stable Isotope Research Center, Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute Maastricht (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Netherlands
4 Stable Isotope Research Center, Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute Maastricht (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Netherlands
5 DSM Food Specialties, Delft, Netherlands
6 Human Biology, Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute Maastricht (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Netherlands
7 Movement Sciences, Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute Maastricht (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands; Human Biology, Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute Maastricht (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Netherlands; Stable Isotope Research Center, Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute Maastricht (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Netherlands
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: Milou.Beelen{at}BW.unimaas.nl.
In contrast to the impact of nutritional intervention on post-exercise muscle protein synthesis, little is known about the potential to modulate protein synthesis during exercise. This study investigates the impact of protein co-ingestion with carbohydrate on muscle protein synthesis during resistance type exercise. Ten healthy males were studied in the evening after consuming a standardized diet throughout the day. Subjects participated in 2 experiments, in which they ingested either carbohydrate or carbohydrate with protein during a 2h resistance exercise session. Subjects received a bolus of test drink prior to and every 15 min during exercise, providing 0.15 g·kg-1·h-1 carbohydrate with (CHO+PRO) or without (CHO) 0.15 g·kg-1·h-1 protein hydrolysate. Continuous intravenous infusions with L-[ring-13C6]phenylalanine and L-[ring-2H2] tyrosine were applied, and blood and muscle biopsies were collected to assess whole-body and muscle protein synthesis rates during exercise. Protein co-ingestion lowered whole-body protein breakdown rates by 8.4±3.6% (P=0.066), compared to the ingestion of carbohydrate only, and augmented protein oxidation and synthesis rates by 77±17 and 33±3%, respectively (P<0.01). As a consequence, whole-body net protein balance was negative in CHO, whereas a positive net balance was achieved following the CHO+PRO treatment (-4.4±0.3 vs 16.3±0.4 µmol phe·kg-1·h-1, respectively; P<0.01). In accordance, mixed muscle protein fractional synthetic rate (FSR) was 49±22% higher following protein co-ingestion (0.088±0.012 and 0.060±0.004 %·h-1 in CHO+PRO vs CHO treatment, respectively; P<0.05). We conclude that, even in a fed state, protein co-ingestion stimulates whole-body and muscle protein synthesis rates during resistance type exercise.
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