The aim of the current investigation was to determine the possible relationships of fasting adiponectin level with body composition, bone mineral, insulin sensitivity, leptin and cardiorespiratory fitness parameters in 153 women. Subjects were classified as premenopausal (n=42; 40.8±5.7 yrs) if they had regular menstrual periods, early postmenopausal (n=49; 56.7±3.6 yrs) if they had been postmenopausal for more than one year but less than seven years (5.5±1.3 yrs), and postmenopausal (n=62; 72.2±4.5 yrs) if they had been postmenopausal for more than seven years. All women studied had a body mass index (BMI) less than 30 kg/m2. Adiponectin values were higher (p<0.05) in middle-aged (12.0±5.1 µg/ml) and older (15.3±7.3 µg/ml) postmenopausal women compared to middle-aged premenopausal women (8.4±3.2 µg/ml). Mean plasma adiponectin concentration in total group of women (n=153) was 12.2±6.3 µg/ml, and was positively related (p<0.05) to age, indices of overall obesity (BMI, body fat mass) and cardiorespiratory fitness (PWC) values. In addition, a negative association (p<0.05) between adiponectin with central obesity (waist-to-hip and waist-to-thigh ratio), fat free mass, bone mineral (bone mineral content, total and lumbar spine bone mineral density), leptin and insulin resistance (insulin, fasting insulin resistance index) values was observed. However, multivariate regression analysis revealed that only age, fasting insulin resistance index and leptin were independent predictors of adiponectin concentration. In conclusion, circulating adiponectin concentrations increase with age in normal weight middle-aged and older women. It appears that adiponectin is independently related to age, leptin and insulin resistance values in women across the age span and menstrual status.