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1 Departament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciencies de la Salut, Grup de Metabolisme Energetic i Nutricio, Institut Universitari d'Investigacio en Ciencies de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: pilar.roca{at}uib.es.
Sex-related differences in energy balance were studied in young Wistar rats fed with standard chow pellets either ad libitum or in restricted amounts (60 % of ad libitum intake) for 100 days. Caloric intake, indirect calorimetry, organs and adipose tissue weights, energy efficiency, liver mitochondrial respiration rate and brown adipose tissue (BAT) UCP1 content were measured. Ad libitum females showed greater oxygen consumption (VO2) and carbon dioxide production (VCO2) and lower energy efficiency than males. Caloric restriction induced a chronic drop of VO2 and VCO2 in females but not in males over the period studied. Restricted females showed a better conservation of metabolic active organs mass and a greater decrease in adipose depots than restricted males. Moreover, changes of BAT size and UCP1 content suggest that BAT may be the main cause responsible for sex differences in the response of energy balance to caloric restriction. In conclusion, our results indicate that females under caloric restriction conditions deactivate facultative thermogenesis to a greater degree than males. This ability may have obvious advantages for female survival, and, therefore the survival of the species when food is limiting.
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