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Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab (February 17, 2004). doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00544.2003
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Submitted on December 2, 2003
Accepted on February 9, 2004

SUBCUTANEOUS ABDOMINAL PREADIPOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION IN VITRO INVERSELY CORRELATES WITH CENTRAL OBESITY

Paska A. Permana1*, Saraswathy Nair1, Yong-Ho Lee1, Georgia Luczy-Bachman1, Barbora Vozarova de Courten1, and P. Antonio Tataranni1

1 Clinical Diabetes and Nutrition Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ, USA

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: paska.permana{at}med.va.gov.

Expansion of adipose tissue mass results from increased number and size of adipocyte cells. We hypothesized that subcutaneous abdominal preadipocytes in obese individuals might have an intrinsically higher propensity to differentiate into adipocytes. Thus, we investigated the relationship between obesity and the level of in vitro preadipocyte differentiation in Pima Indians. Subcutaneous abdominal stromal vascular fractions containing preadipocytes were cultured from 58 non-diabetic subjects (31M/27F, 30±6y, body fat 34±8% by DXA [mean±SD]). The average percentage of preadipocyte differentiation (PDIFF; cell count by microscopy) was 11±11% (range 0.2-51%). PDIFF correlated negatively with percent body fat (r= -0.35, p=0.006) and waist circumference (r= -0.45, p=0.0004). Multiple regression analysis indicated that waist circumference (p=0.01), sex (p=0.01), and percent body fat (p=0.05) were significant determinants of PDIFF. Molecular characterization of pre-differentiated cultured cells was performed by Real Time PCR measurements of Glucocorticoid Receptor {alpha} (GR{alpha}), Insulin Growth Factor 1 Receptor (IGF1R), Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor {gamma} (PPAR{gamma}), enhancer-binding protein GATA3, CCAAT/Enhancer-Binding protein-{alpha} Undifferentiated Protein (CUP/AP-2{alpha}), and Endothelial Cell Specific Marker 2 (ECSM2). The mRNA concentrations of GR{alpha} correlated with PDIFF (r=0.29, p=0.03), but the others did not (IGF1R, r=0.003, p=1.0; PPAR{gamma}, r=-0.1, p=0.5; GATA3, r=0.02, p=0.9; CUP/AP-2{alpha}, r= -0.2, p=0.1; ECSM2, r=0.04, p=0.7). Contrary to our hypothesis, the results may indicate a blunted in vitro differentiation potential of preadipocytes in centrally obese individuals. The lower differentiation potential of preadipocytes in the obese subjects might be due, at least partly, to decreased glucocorticoid receptor expression.




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