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1 University Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho, Division of Nutrition and Metabolism, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
2 Department of Surgery, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: nep.deutz{at}ah.unimaas.nl.
Nitric oxide (NO) regulates numerous processes during endotoxemia and inflammation. However, the sequential changes in whole body (Wb) nitric oxide (NO) production during endotoxemia in vivo remain to be clarified. Male Swiss mice were injected i.p. saline (CON group) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS group). After 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, 12 and 24 h, animals received a primed-constant infusion of L-[guanidino-15N2-2H2]arginine, L-[ureido-15N]citrulline, L-[5-15N]glutamine and L-[ring-2H5]phenylalanine in the jugular vein. Arterial blood was collected for plasma arginine (ARG), citrulline (CIT), glutamine (GLN) and phenylalanine (PHE) concentrations and tracer/tracee ratios (TTR). NO production was calculated as plasma ARG-to-CIT flux, Wb de novo ARG synthesis as plasma CIT-to-ARG flux, and Wb protein breakdown as plasma PHE flux. LPS reduced plasma ARG and CIT and increased GLN and PHE concentrations. Two peaks of NO production were observed, at 4h and 12h after LPS. Although LPS did not affect total ARG production, de novo ARG production decreased after 12h. The second peak of NO production coincided with increased Wb CIT, GLN and PHE production. In conclusion, the curve of NO production in both early and late phases of endotoxemia is not related to plasma ARG kinetics. However, because Wb CIT, GLN and PHE fluxes increased concomitantly with the second peak of NO production, NO production is probably related to the catabolic phase of endotoxemia.
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