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Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab (February 10, 2004). doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00527.2003
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Submitted on November 18, 2003
Accepted on February 5, 2004

Sleep enhances nocturnal plasma ghrelin levels in healthy subjects

Andrea Dzaja1, Mira A. Dalal1, Hubertus Himmerich1, Manfred Uhr1, Thomas Pollmacher1, and Andreas Schuld1*

1 Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: schuld{at}mpipsykl.mpg.de.

Ghrelin, an endogenous ligand of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor, has been shown to promote slow-wave sleep (nonREM-sleep stages 3 and 4). Plasma levels of ghrelin are dependent on food intake and increase in sleeping subjects during the early part of the night. It is unknown whether sleep itself affects ghrelin levels or whether circadian networks are involved. Therefore, we studied the effect of sleep deprivation on nocturnal ghrelin secretion. In healthy male volunteers plasma levels of ghrelin, cortisol and human growth hormone (hGH) were measured during two experimental sessions of 24 hours each. Once the subjects were allowed to sleep between 2300 and 0700 hours, and once they were kept awake throughout the night. During sleep, ghrelin levels increased during the early part of the night and decreased in the morning. This nocturnal increase was blunted during sleep deprivation and ghrelin levels increased only slightly until the early morning. Ghrelin secretion during the first hours of sleep correlated positively with peak hGH concentrations. We conclude that the nocturnal increase in ghrelin levels is more likely to be caused by sleep-associated processes than by circadian influences. During the first hours of sleep ghrelin might promote sleep-associated hGH secretion and contribute to the promotion of SWS.




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