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1 Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism C, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus Sygehus, Aarhus C, Denmark
2 Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre, Department of Medical Physiology, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: jens.bruun{at}ki.au.dk.
Obesity is associated with low-grade inflammation, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. The study investigated the effect of a fifteen weeks life-style intervention [hypocaloric diet and daily exercise] on inflammatory markers in plasma, adipose tissue (AT), and skeletal muscle (SM) in twenty-seven severely obese subjects [mean BMI: 45.8 kg/m2]. Plasma samples, subcutaneous abdominal AT-biopsies, and vastus lateralis SM-biopsies were obtained before and after the intervention and analysed by ELISA and RT-PCR. The intervention reduced body weight (p<0.001) and increased insulin sensitivity [HOMA; p<0.05]. Plasma adiponectin (p<0.001) increased and CRP (p<0.05), IL-6 (p<0.01), IL-8 (p<0.05), and MCP-1 (p<0.01) decreased. AT inflammation was reduced determined from an increased mRNA expression of adiponectin (p<0.001) and a decreased expression of macrophage specific markers [CD14, CD68], IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-
(p<0.01). After adjusting for macrophage infiltration in AT only IL-6 mRNA was decreased (p<0.05). Only very low levels of inflammatory markers were found in SM. The intervention had no effect on adiponectin receptor 1 and 2 mRNA in AT or SM. Thus, hypocaloric diet and increased physical activity improved insulin sensitivity and reduced low-grade inflammation. Markers of inflammation were particularly reduced in AT whereas SM does not contribute to this attenuation of whole body inflammation.
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