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1 Faculty of Medicine, Endocrinology and Metabolism Unit, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: brichard{at}endo.ucl.ac.be.
Adiponectin (ApN) and leptin are two adipocytokines that control fuel homeostasis, body weight and insulin sensitivity. Their interplay is still poorly studied. These hormones are either undetectable or decreased in obese, diabetic ob/ob mice. We examined the effects of leptin treatment on ApN gene expression, protein production, secretion, and circulating levels of ob/ob mice. We also briefly tackled the influence of this treatment on resistin, another adipocytokine involved in obesity-related insulin resistance. Leptin-treated (T) obese mice (continuous sc infusion for 6 days) were compared to untreated lean (L), untreated obese (O) and untreated pair-fed obese (PF) mice. Blood was collected throughout the study. At day 3 or 6, fat pads were either directly analysed (mRNA, ApN content) or cultured for up to 24 h (ApN secretion). The direct effect of leptin was also studied in 3T3-F442A adipocytes. Compared to L mice, ApN content of visceral or subcutaneous fat and ApN secretion by adipose explants were blunted in obese mice. Accordingly, plasma ApN levels of O mice were decreased by 50%. Leptin treatment of ob/ob mice increased by 50-80% ApN mRNAs, ApN content and secretion from the visceral depot. Leptin also directly stimulated ApN mRNAs and secretion from 3T3-F442A adipocytes. After 6 days of treatment, plasma ApN of ob/ob mice increased 2.5-fold, a rise that did not occur in PF mice. Plasma resistin of T mice were barely decreased. Leptin treatment, but not mere calorie restriction, corrects plasma ApN in obese mice, by restoring adipose tissue ApN concentrations and secretion at least in part, via a direct stimulation of ApN gene expression. Such a treatment only minimally affects circulating resistin. ApN restoration could, in concert with leptin, contribute to the metabolic effects classically observed during leptin administration.
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