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1 Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winton-Salem, NC, USA
2 Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
3 Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winton-Salem, NC, USA; Center for Human Genomics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winton-Salem, NC, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: tyou{at}wfubmc.edu.
Adipose tissue is a major source of inflammatory and thrombotic cytokines. The purpose
of this study was to investigate the relationship of abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue
cytokine gene expression to body composition, fat distribution and metabolic risk during obesity.
We determined body composition (weight, fat mass, lean mass and percent body fat), abdominal
fat distribution (visceral fat and subcutaneous fat volumes), plasma lipids (triglycerides, total
cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol), and abdominal subcutaneous fat gene
expression of cytokines (leptin, TNF
, IL-6, PAI-1 and adiponectin) in twenty obese, middle-aged
women (body mass index: 32.7±0.8 kg/m2; age: 57±1 yr). A subset of these women without
diabetes (n=15) also underwent an oral glucose tolerance test. In all women, visceral fat volume
was negatively related to leptin (r=-0.46, P<0.05), and tended to be negatively related to
adiponectin (r=-0.38, P=0.09), gene expression. Among the 15 women with OGTT data, fasting
insulin (r=0.69, P<0.01), 2-hour insulin (r=0.56, P<0.05) and HOMA index (r=0.59, P<0.05)
correlated positively with adipose TNF gene expression; fasting insulin (r = 0.54, P<0.05) was
positively related to, and 2-hour insulin (r = 0.49, P=0.06) tended to be positively related to
adipose tissue IL-6 gene expression; glucose area (r = -0.56, P<0.05) was negatively related to,
and insulin area (r = -0.49, P=0.06) tended to be negatively related to adipose tissue adiponectin
gene expression. In addition, adiponectin gene expression was significantly lower in women
with, compared to without, the metabolic syndrome (adiponectin/
-actin ratio: 2.26±0.46 vs.
3.31±0.33, P<0.05). We conclude that abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue expression of
inflammatory cytokines is a potential mechanism linking obesity with its metabolic
comorbidities.
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