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1 Department of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Tayside, United Kingdom; School of Life Sciences, Univesrity of Dundee, Dundee, Tayside, United Kingdom
2 School of Life Sciences, Univesrity of Dundee, Dundee, Tayside, United Kingdom
3 School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Derby, Derbyshire, United Kingdom
4 School of Kinesiology, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
5 School of Kinesiology, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
6 School of Life Sciences, Univesrity of Dundee, Dundee, Tayside, United Kingdom; School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Derby, Derbyshire, United Kingdom
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: michael.rennie{at}nottingham.ac.uk.
We hypothesised a differential activation of the anabolic signalling proteins, protein kinase B (PKB) and p70 S6 kinase (p70S6k), and subsequent differential stimulation of human muscle protein synthesis (MPS) after dynamic, shortening or lengthening exercise. Eight healthy men (25 ± 5 y, BMI: 26 ± 3 kg.m-2 (means ± SD)) were studied before and after 12 min of repeated stepping up to knee height, and down again, while carrying 25% of body weight, i.e. shortening exercise with the "up" leg and lengthening exercise with contralateral "down" leg. Quadriceps biopsies were taken before and 3, 6 and 24 h after exercise. After exercise, over 2 h before the biopsies, the subjects ingested 500 ml water containing 45 g essential amino acids and 135 g sucrose. Rates of muscle protein synthesis were determined via incorporation over time of [1-13C]leucine (up to 6 h after exercise) or [1-13C]valine (21-24 h after exercise) and phosphorylation of signalling proteins by western analysis. PKB and p70S6k phosphorylation increased ~3-fold after 3 h and remained elevated at 6 and 24 h. After exercise, rates of myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic protein synthesis were unchanged over the period including exercise and 3 h of recovery, but had increased significantly at 6 (~3.0 and 2.4 fold, respectively) and 24 h (~3.2 and 2.0 fold, respectively), independently of the mode of exercise. Short-term dynamic exercise in either shortening or lengthening mode increases MPS at least as much as resistance exercise and is associated with long term activation of PKB and p70S6k.
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