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Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab (January 18, 2005). doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00396.2004
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Submitted on August 25, 2004
Accepted on January 11, 2005

Defective Insulin Signaling in Skeletal Muscle of the Hypertensive TG(mREN2)27 Rat

Julie A Sloniger1, Vitoon Saengsirisuwan1, Cody J. Diehl1, Betsy B. Dokken1, Narissara Lailerd1, Andrew M. Lemieux1, John S. Kim1, and Erik J. Henriksen1*

1 Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: ejhenrik{at}u.arizona.edu.

Essential hypertension is frequently associated with insulin resistance of skeletal muscle glucose transport, with a potential role of angiotensin II in the pathogenesis of both conditions. The male heterozygous TG(mREN2)27 rat harbors the mouse transgene for renin, exhibits local elevations in angiotensin II, and is an excellent model of both hypertension and insulin resistance. The present study was designed to investigate the potential cellular mechanisms for insulin resistance in this hypertensive animal model, including an assessment of elements of the insulin signaling pathway. Compared to non-transgenic, normotensive Sprague-Dawley control rats, male heterozygous TG(mREN2)27 rats displayed elevated (p<0.05) fasting plasma insulin (74%), an exaggerated insulin response (108%) during an oral glucose tolerance test, and reduced whole-body insulin sensitivity. TG(mREN2)27 rats also exhibited decreased insulinmediated glucose transport and glycogen synthase activation in both the type IIb epitrochlearis (30% and 46%) and type I soleus (22% and 64%) muscles. Importantly, there were significant reductions (~30-50%) in insulin stimulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of the insulin receptor {beta}subunit and insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), IRS-1 associated with the p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase, Akt ser473 phosphorylation, and ser9 phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3{beta} in both epitrochlearis and soleus muscles of TG(mREN2)27 rats. Soleus muscle triglyceride concentration was 25% greater in the transgenic group compared to the nontransgenic animals. Collectively, these data provide the first evidence that the insulin resistance of the hypertensive male heterozygous TG(mREN2)27 rat can be attributed to specific defects in the insulin signaling pathway in skeletal muscle.




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