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Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab (October 19, 2004). doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00312.2004
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Submitted on July 15, 2004
Accepted on September 15, 2004

Expression and activity of steroid aldoketoreductases 1C in omental adipose tissue are positive correlates of adiposity in women

Karine Blouin1, Sophie Blanchette2, Christian Richard2, Pierre Dupont3, Van Luu-The2, and Andre Tchernof1*

1 Molecular Endocrinology and Oncology Research Center, Laval University Medical Research Center and Laval University, Quebec city, PQ, Canada; Department of Nutrition, Laval University Medical Research Center and Laval University, Quebec city, PQ, Canada
2 Molecular Endocrinology and Oncology Research Center, Laval University Medical Research Center and Laval University, Quebec city, PQ, Canada
3 Gynecology Unit, Laval University Medical Research Center and Laval University, Quebec city, PQ, Canada

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: andre.tchernof{at}crchul.ulaval.ca.

We examined the expression and activity of steroid aldoketoreductase (AKR) 1C enzymes in abdominal subcutaneous and omental adipose tissue in women. AKR1C1 (20{alpha}-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase), AKR1C2 (3{alpha}-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 3), and AKR1C3 (17{beta}- hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 5) are involved mainly in the conversion of progesterone to 20{alpha}-hydroxyprogesterone and in the inactivation of dihydrotestosterone to 5{alpha}-androstane- 3{alpha},17{beta}-diol. Abdominal subcutaneous (Sc) and omental (Om) adipose tissue biopsies were obtained during abdominal hysterectomies in 7 women with low visceral adipose tissue area and 7 age- and total body fat mass-matched women with visceral obesity. Body composition and body fat distribution were assessed before surgery by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry and computed tomography. Women with elevated visceral adipose tissue areas were characterized by significantly higher Om adipose tissue 20{alpha}-HSD and 3{alpha}-HSD-3 mRNA abundance compared to women with low visceral adipose tissue accumulations (1.4 and 1.6 fold differences respectively, p<0.05). Om and Sc adipose tissue 3{alpha}-HSD activities were significantly higher in women with high vs. low visceral adipose tissue areas (p<0.05 for both comparisons). Total and visceral adiposity measures were positively associated with Om 20{alpha}-HSD mRNA level (r=0.75, p<0.003 for fat mass and r=0.57, p<0.04 for visceral adipose tissue area) and Om 3{alpha}-HSD-3 mRNA level (r=0.68, p<0.01 for fat mass and r=0.74, p<0.003 for visceral adipose tissue area). Enzyme activities in both the Sc and Om depots were also positively and significantly correlated with total and abdominal adiposity measures, respectively. Omental adipose tissue enzyme expression and activity were positively associated with omental adipocyte size and LPL activity. In conclusion, mRNA abundance and activity of AKR1C enzymes in abdominal adipose tissue compartments are positive correlates of adiposity measures in women. Further studies are required to elucidate whether increased inactivation of progesterone and/or dihydrotestosterone in abdominal adipose tissue impacts locally on fat metabolism in abdominally obese women.




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