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Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab (January 14, 2003). doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00269.2002
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Submitted on June 19, 2002
Accepted on January 7, 2003

Arginine, ornithine and proline interconversion is dependent on small intestinal metabolism in neonatal pigs

Robert F. P. Bertolo1, Janet A. Brunton1, Paul B. Pencharz2, and Ronald O. Ball3*

1 Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
2 Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; The Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
3 Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; The Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: rball{at}afns.ualberta.ca.

We have previously shown that arginine deficiency is exacerbated by the removal of dietary proline in orally, but not parenterally, fed piglets. Therefore, we hypothesized that the net interconversions of proline, ornithine and arginine primarily occur in the small intestine of neonatal piglets. Ten intragastrically-fed piglets received either intraportal (IP) or intragastric (IG) primed, constant infusions of [guanido-14C]arginine and [U-14C]ornithine + [2,3-3H]proline. By infusing amino acid isotopes via the stomach vs. the portal vein, we isolated small intestinal first pass metabolism in vivo. During IP infusion, fractional net conversions (%) from proline to ornithine (0), ornithine to arginine (11 ± 6), and ornithine to proline (5 ± 1) were lower (P < 0.05) than during IG infusion (39 ± 8, 18 ± 6, 42 ± 12, respectively); we speculate these data are due to the localization of ornithine aminotransferase to the gut. The balance of these conversions indicated a large synthesis of arginine (70.0 µmol.kg-1.h-1) by the gut with a corresponding degradation of ornithine (70.8 µmol.kg-1.h-1)and no change in proline balance. Gut synthesis of arginine from proline (48.1 µmol.kg-1.h-1) was 50% of its requirement whereas proline synthesis from arginine (33.0 µmol.kg-1.h-1) amounted to 10% of requirement. Overall, arginine synthesis is more dependent on the gut than proline synthesis. In situations where gut metabolism is compromised, such as during parenteral nutrition or gastrointestinal disease, arginine and proline are individually indispensable because their biosyntheses are negligible.




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