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1 John B. Pierce Laboratory, New Haven, CT, USA
2 Copenhagen Muscle Research Center & The August Krogh Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
3 John B. Pierce Laboratory, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: dneufer{at}jbpierce.org.
The cellular adaptations to endurance training are influenced by the intensity and duration of exercise. To examine the impact of exercise intensity and duration on the acute fiber-type specific transcriptional regulation of metabolic genes, nuclei were isolated from both red and white gastrocnemius muscle of rats after completing one of three treadmill running protocols: low intensity (~50% VO2 max) exercise (LIE) for 45 min, LIE for 180 min, or high intensity (~75% VO2 max) exercise (HIE) for 45 min. LIE for 45 min activated (P<0.05)transcription of the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4), uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and hexokinase II (HKII) genes by ~4 to 20-fold in RG within 1 h after exercise. In WG, LIE activated transcription of PDK4 and UCP3 (~40 to 80-fold), HKII and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) (~3.5-fold), while transcription of the HO-1 gene did not change. In RG, extending LIE duration from 45 to 180 min elicited a similar activation of PDK4 and UCP3 (~15-fold), but a far greater increase in HO-1 (>30-fold) and HKII transcription (>25-fold). In WG, LIE for 180 min induced a much greater and prolonged (through 2 to 4 h recovery) activation of PDK4 (>200-fold), UCP3 (>200-fold), and HO-1 (>10-fold). LIE for 180 min also increased (2 to 3-fold) transcription of the LPL and carnitine palmitoyl transferase I genes. HIE elicited a similar pattern of gene activation to LIE in both RG and WG with the exception that HIE triggered >10-fold activation of HO-1 in WG. Under all conditions, transcription returned to basal levels within 24 h after exercise. These data provide evidence that both the intensity and duration of exercise affect the transcriptional regulation of metabolic genes in muscle in a fiber-type specific manner, possibly reflecting the relative stress imposed by the exercise bout.
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