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1 Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, CA, USA
2 Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
3 GEO-CENTERS, INC., Rockville, MD, USA
4 Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: gerald.shulman{at}yale.edu.
Supercompensated muscle glycogen can be achieved using several carbohydrate (CHO)-loading protocols. This study compared the effectiveness of two "modified" CHO-loading protocols. Additionally, we determined the effect of light cycle training on muscle glycogen. Subjects completed a depletion (D, n = 15) or nondepletion (ND, n = 10) CHO-loading protocol. After a 2-day adaptation period in a metabolic ward, the depletion group performed a 120-min cycle exercise at 65% peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) followed by 1-min sprints at 120% VO2peak to exhaustion. The nondepletion group performed only 20-min cycle exercise at 65% VO2peak. For the next 6 days, both groups ate the same high-CHO diets and performed 20-min daily cycle exercise at 65% V O2peak followed by a CHO beverage (105 g CHO). Muscle glycogen concentrations of the vastus lateralis were measured daily using 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). On the morning of day 5, muscle glycogen concentrations had increased 1.45 (depletion) and 1.24 (nondepletion) times baseline (p < 0.001), but did not differ between groups. However, on day 7 muscle glycogen of the depletion group was significantly greater (p < 0.01) than the nondepletion group (130±7 vs. 104±5 mmol/L muscle). Daily cycle exercise decreased muscle glycogen by 10±2 (depletion) and 14±5 mmol/L (nondepletion), but muscle glycogen was greater than preexercise values 24 h later. In conclusion, a CHO-loading protocol that begins with a glycogen-depleting exercise results in greater muscle glycogen that persists longer than a CHO-loading protocol using only an exercise taper. Daily exercise at 65% V O2peak for 20 min can be performed throughout the CHO-loading protocol without negatively affecting muscle glycogen supercompensation.
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