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1 The Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
2 Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Goteborg University, Goteborg, Sweden
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: Digregorioginab{at}uams.edu.
FOXC2 is a winged helix/forkhead transcription factor involved in PKA signaling.
Overexpression of FOXC2 in the adipose tissue of transgenic mice protected against
diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance. We examined the expression of FOXC2 in fat
and muscle of non-diabetic humans with varying obesity and insulin sensitivity. There
was no relation between BMI and FOXC2 mRNA in either adipose or muscle. There was
a strong inverse relation between adipose FOXC2 mRNA and insulin sensitivity, using
the frequently sampled IV glucose tolerance test (r=-0.78, P<0.001). However, there
was no relationship between muscle FOXC2 and any measure of insulin sensitivity. To
separate insulin resistance from obesity, we examined FOXC2 expression in pairs of
subjects who were matched for BMI, but who were discordant for SI. When compared to
the insulin sensitive subjects, the insulin resistant subjects had 3-fold higher levels of
adipose FOXC2 mRNA (p=0.03). In contrast, muscle FOXC2 mRNA expression was no
different between insulin resistant and insulin sensitive subjects. There was no
association of adipose or muscle FOXC2 mRNA with either circulating or adipose-secreted
TNF
, IL6, leptin, adiponectin, or non-esterified fatty acids. Thus, adipose
FOXC2 is more highly expressed in insulin resistant subjects, and this effect is
independent of obesity. This association between FOXC2 and insulin resistance may be
related to the role of FOXC2 in PKA signaling.
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