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1 Department of Medicine and Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Keck School of Medicine and the Department of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
2 Department of Radiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Keck School of Medicine and the Department of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: fsattler{at}usc.edu.
The relationship of strength to muscle area was used to assess change in muscle quality after anabolic interventions. Study No.1: asymptomatic HIV positive men (39±9 years) were randomized to nandrolone (600mg/week) ± resistance training (RT). Study No.2: older healthy men (72±5 years) were randomized to oxandrolone (20mg/day) or placebo. Maximum voluntary strength was determined by the 1-RM method for leg press, flexion and extension, and cross-sectional area of leg muscles by MRI. From study weeks 0-to-12, muscle quality was unchanged with nandrolone, oxandrolone, or oxandrolone placebo, respectively for total thigh muscles (1.23±0.012 vs 1.27±0.29 kg/cm2; 9.0±1.1 vs 8.9±1.2 N/cm2; 8.9±1.2 vs 8.9±1.9 N/cm2) and hamstrings (0.41±0.08 vs 0.43±0.07 kg/cm2; 0.90±0.14 vs 0.95±0.016 N/cm2; 0.94±0.23 vs 0.93±0.21 N/cm2). Whereas, lower-extremity 1-RM strength increased several fold greater with RT+nandrolone (51-63% increases) than with nandrolone alone (4.7-16%), despite similar increases in muscle area; therefore, muscle quality increased from 1.13±0.17-to-1.51±0.18 kg/cm2 (+36±19%; p<0.001) for total thigh muscle, 0.37±0.10-to-0.53±0.08 kg/cm2 (+49±39%; p<0.001) for hamstrings, and 0.73±0.19-to-1.07±0.16 kg/cm2 (+55±36%; p<0.001) for quadriceps. Thus, androgen therapy alone did not improve muscle quality but the addition of RT to nandrolone produced substantive improvements.
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