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1 Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: kelley{at}msx.dept-med.pitt.edu.
Muscle contains the largest reservoir of glycogen (GLYC), a depot that is closely regulated and with influence upon insulin sensitivity. The current study examines muscle GLYC in T2DM and obesity, and with respect to muscle fiber type, IMCL and mitochondrial function (OX-ENZ). There is increasing interest in the relation of IMCL and mitochondrial dysfunction with IR, yet the association with muscle GLYC has not been examined in regard to these parameters. Using a quantitative histological approach, specific to muscle fiber types, muscle GLYC, IMCL and OX-ENZ were assessed in vastus lateralis obtained by percutaneous biopsy in lean non-diabetic (L; n=16), obese non-diabetic (Ob; n=15), and T2DM volunteers (n=14). Insulin sensitivity was estimated using HOMA-IR. Muscle GLYC was reduced in T2DM; a deficit evident for type 2a fibers, yet minor in types 1 and 2b fibers. Low GLYC in T2DM correlated with fasting hyperglycemia. Also, in T2DM and Ob, there was significantly higher IMCL and lower OX-ENZ in all fiber types. The ratio of IMCL:OX-ENZ, especially for type 1 fibers, correlated strongly with IR. Similarly, a ratio of GLYC: OX-ENZ correlated with IR, particularly for type 2b fibers. This ratio tended to be higher in Ob and T2DM. In summary, there is decreased muscle GLYC in T2DM, yet a disproportional relationship of GLYC to OX-ENZ that is related to IR though not as robustly as IMCL:OX-ENZ.
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