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Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 297: E19-E27, 2009. First published December 30, 2008; doi:10.1152/ajpendo.90898.2008
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REVIEWS

The genetics of neutral lipid biosynthesis: an evolutionary perspective

Aaron R. Turkish1 and Stephen L. Sturley1,2

1Department of Pediatrics and 2Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York

Submitted 6 November 2008 ; accepted in final form 26 December 2008

ABSTRACT

The storage of fatty acids and fatty alcohols in the form of neutral lipids such as triacylglycerol (TAG), cholesteryl ester (CE), and wax ester (WE) serves to provide reservoirs for membrane formation and maintenance, lipoprotein trafficking, lipid detoxification, evaporation barriers, and fuel in times of stress or nutrient deprivation. This ancient process likely originated in actinomycetes and has persisted in eukaryotes, albeit by different molecular mechanisms. A surfeit of neutral lipids is strongly, perhaps causally, related to several human diseases such as diabetes mellitus, obesity, atherosclerosis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Therefore, understanding the metabolic pathways of neutral lipid synthesis and the roles of the enzymes involved may facilitate the development of new therapeutic interventions for these syndromes.

acyltransferase; triacylglycerol; wax ester; wax diester; cholesteryl ester


Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: A. Turkish, Dept. of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 W. 168th St., New York, NY (e-mail: mdpeds{at}aol.com)




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