HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) All Versions of this Article: 294/2/E456    most recent 00699.2007v1 Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in Web of Science Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Flouris, A. D. Articles by Koutedakis, Y. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Flouris, A. D. Articles by Koutedakis, Y.

Sexual dimorphism in the acute effects of secondhand smoke on thyroid hormone secretion, inflammatory markers and vascular function

¹The Institute for Human Performance and Rehabilitation, Centre for Research and Technology–Thessaly; and ²Laboratory of Applied Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Thessaly, Greece

Submitted 31 October 2007 ; accepted in final form 29 November 2007

Experimental evidence for the physiological effects of secondhand smoke (SHS) is limited, although it affects millions of people globally and its prevalence is increasing, despite currently adopted antismoking measures. Also, scarce evidence suggests that the effects of SHS may be more pronounced in men. We conducted a randomized single-blind crossover study to investigate the sex-specific SHS effects in a controlled simulated bar/restaurant environment on gonadal and thyroid hormones, inflammatory cytokines, and vascular function. Twenty-eight (women = 14) nonsmoking adults underwent a 1-h exposure to moderate SHS and a 1-h control trial. Serum and urine cotinine, gonadal and thyroid hormones, inflammatory cytokines, heart rate, and arterial blood pressure were assessed before exposure and immediately after in both trials. Results showed that testosterone (P = 0.019) and progesterone (P < 0.001) in men and 17β-estradiol (P = 0.001) and progesterone (P < 0.001) in women were significantly decreased after SHS. In men, SHS was accompanied by increased free thyroxine (P < 0.001), triiodothyronine (P = 0.020), and decreased the triiodothyronine-to-free thyroxine ratio (P = 0.033). In women, significant SHS-induced change was observed only in free thyroxine (P = 0.010), with considerable sex variation in free thyroxine and triiodothyronine and a decrease in luteinizing hormone (P = 0.026) and follicle-stimulating hormone (P < 0.001). After SHS, IL-1β (P = 0.001) and systolic blood pressure (P = 0.040) were increased in men but not women. We concluded that a 1-h SHS exposure at bar/restaurant levels is accompanied by decrements in gonadal hormones in both sexes and marked increases in thyroid hormone secretion, IL-1β production, and systolic blood pressure in men.

environmental tobacco smoke; cotinine; estrogen; cytokines

This article has been cited by other articles:

				M. Hongbao, Y. Yan, and C. Shen Gender-specific Effects of Calcitonin Gene-related Peptide and Substance P on Coronary Blood Flow in an Experimental Model Angiology, October 1, 2009; 60(5): 569 - 575. [Abstract] [PDF]

				A. D. Flouris, G. S. Metsios, A. E. Carrillo, A. Z. Jamurtas, K. Gourgoulianis, T. Kiropoulos, M. N. Tzatzarakis, A. M. Tsatsakis, and Y. Koutedakis Acute and Short-term Effects of Secondhand Smoke on Lung Function and Cytokine Production Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., June 1, 2009; 179(11): 1029 - 1033. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]