HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) All Versions of this Article: 293/1/E237    most recent 00022.2007v1 Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in Web of Science Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Web of Science (2) Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Landau, B. R. Articles by Ismail-Beigi, F. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Landau, B. R. Articles by Ismail-Beigi, F.

6-Fluoro-6-deoxy-D-glucose as a tracer of glucose transport

Bernard R. Landau,^1, Chandra L. Spring-Robinson,^2,4,5 Raymond F. Muzic, Jr.,^2,4,5 Nadia Rachdaoui,¹ Darrell Rubin,¹ Marc S. Berridge,³ William C. Schumann,¹ Visvanathan Chandramouli,¹ Timothy S. Kern,¹ and Faramarz Ismail-Beigi¹

¹Department of Medicine, ²Department of Radiology, ³Department of Chemistry, ⁴Department of Bomedical Engineering, and ⁵Case Center for Imaging Research, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio

Submitted 10 January 2007 ; accepted in final form 25 March 2007

Glucose transport rates are estimated noninvasively in physiological and pathological states by kinetic imaging using PET. The glucose analog most often used is ¹⁸F-labeled 2FDG. Compared with glucose, 2FDG is poorly transported by intestine and kidney. We examined the possible use of 6FDG as a tracer of glucose transport. Lacking a hydroxyl at its 6th position, 6FDG cannot be phosphorylated as 2FDG is. Prior studies have shown that 6FDG competes with glucose for transport in yeast and is actively transported by intestine. Its uptake by muscle has been reported to be unresponsive to insulin, but that study is suspect. We found that insulin stimulated 6FDG uptake 1.6-fold in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and azide stimulated the uptake 3.7-fold in Clone 9 cells. Stimulations of the uptake of 3OMG, commonly used in transport assays, were similar, and the uptakes were inhibited by cyclochalasin B. Glucose transport is by GLUT1 and GLUT4 transporters in 3T3-L1 adipocyte and by the GLUT1 transporter in Clone 9 cells. Cytochalasin B inhibits those transporters. Rats were also imaged in vivo by PET using 6¹⁸FDG. There was no excretion of ¹⁸F into the urinary bladder unless phlorizin, an inhibitor of active renal transport, was also injected. ¹⁸F activity in brain, liver, and heart over the time of scanning reached a constant level, in keeping with the 6FDG being distributed in body water. In contrast, ¹⁸F from 2¹⁸FDG was excreted in relatively large amounts into the bladder, and ¹⁸F activity rose with time in heart and brain in accord with accumulation of 2¹⁸FDG-6-P in those organs. We conclude that 6FDG is actively transported by kidney as well as intestine and is insulin responsive. In trace quantity, it appears to be distributed in body water unchanged. These results provide support for its use as a valid tracer of glucose transport.

imaging; 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose; positron emission tomography; renal transport

This article has been cited by other articles:

				C. Spring-Robinson, V. Chandramouli, W. C. Schumann, P. F. Faulhaber, Y. Wang, C. Wu, F. Ismail-Beigi, and R. F. Muzic Jr. Uptake of 18F-Labeled 6-Fluoro-6-Deoxy-D-Glucose by Skeletal Muscle Is Responsive to Insulin Stimulation J. Nucl. Med., June 1, 2009; 50(6): 912 - 919. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]