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Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 291: E929-E936, 2006. First published June 13, 2006; doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00122.2006
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Patterns in food intake correlate with body mass index

Vipul Periwal and Carson C. Chow

Laboratory of Biological Modeling, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland

Submitted 15 March 2006 ; accepted in final form 30 May 2006

Quantifying eating behavior may give clues to both the physiological and behavioral mechanisms behind weight regulation. We analyzed year-long dietary records of 29 stable-weight subjects. The records showed wide daily variations of food intake. We computed the temporal autocorrelation and skewness of food intake mass, energy, carbohydrate, fat, and protein. We also computed the cross-correlation coefficient between intake mass and intake energy. The mass of the food intake exhibited long-term trends that were positively skewed, with wide variability among individuals. The average duration of the trends (P = 0.003) and the skewness (P = 0.006) of the food intake mass were significantly correlated with mean body mass index (BMI). We also found that the lower the correlation coefficient between the energy content and the mass of food intake, the higher the BMI. Our results imply that humans in neutral energy balance eating ad libitum exhibit a long-term positive bias in the food intake that operates partially through the mass of food eaten to defend against eating too little more vigorously than eating too much.

obesity; overweight; energy density


Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: C. C. Chow, NIH/NIDDK/LBM, Bldg 12A, Rm. 4007, MSC 5621, Bethesda, MD 20892–5621 (e-mail: carsonc{at}niddk.nih.gov)






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