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This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) All Versions of this Article: 291/3/E587    most recent 00612.2005v1 Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in ISI Web of Science Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via ISI Web of Science (2) Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Jacobson, D. A. Articles by Philipson, L. H. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Jacobson, D. A. Articles by Philipson, L. H.

Downstream regulatory element antagonistic modulator regulates islet prodynorphin expression

¹Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and ²Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York

Submitted 5 December 2005 ; accepted in final form 8 April 2006

Calcium-binding proteins regulate transcription and secretion of pancreatic islet hormones. Here, we demonstrate neuroendocrine expression of the calcium-binding downstream regulatory element antagonistic modulator (DREAM) and its role in glucose-dependent regulation of prodynorphin (PDN) expression. DREAM is distributed throughout - and -cells in both the nucleus and cytoplasm. As DREAM regulates neuronal dynorphin expression, we determined whether this pathway is affected in DREAM^–/– islets. Under low glucose conditions, with intracellular calcium concentrations of <100 nM, DREAM^–/– islets had an 80% increase in PDN message compared with controls. Accordingly, DREAM interacts with the PDN promoter downstream regulatory element (DRE) under low calcium (<100 nM) conditions, inhibiting PDN transcription in -cells. Furthermore, -cells treated with high glucose (20 mM) show increased cytoplasmic calcium (200 nM), which eliminates DREAM's interaction with the DRE, causing increased PDN promoter activity. As PDN is cleaved into dynorphin peptides, which stimulate -opioid receptors expressed predominantly in -cells of the islet, we determined the role of dynorphin A-(1–17) in glucagon secretion from the -cell. Stimulation with dynorphin A-(1–17) caused -cell calcium fluctuations and a significant increase in glucagon release. DREAM^–/– islets also show elevated glucagon secretion in low glucose compared with controls. These results demonstrate that PDN transcription is regulated by DREAM in a calcium-dependent manner and suggest a role for dynorphin regulation of -cell glucagon secretion. The data provide a molecular basis for opiate stimulation of glucagon secretion first observed over 25 years ago.

calsenilin; potassium channel interacting protein; neuroendocrine; glucagon; dynorphin