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Colonic fermentation from lactulose inhibits lipolysis in overweight subjects

¹Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U539, Hôtel-Dieu, Nantes, France; and ²Nestlé Research Center, Nestec Limited, Vers-chez-les-blanc, Lausanne, Switzerland

Submitted 10 September 2004 ; accepted in final form 4 May 2005

One of the strategies to prevent insulin resistance is to reduce circulating free fatty acids (FFA). The aim of this study is to assess the effect of an oral lactulose load on fatty acid metabolism in overweight subjects. Eight overweight subjects received a primed constant intravenous infusion of [1-¹³C]acetate and of [1,1,2,3,3-²H₅]glycerol for 9 h. After 3 h of tracer infusion, patients ingested 30 g lactulose, or saline solution. Arterialized blood samples were collected every 20 min. Basal plasma concentrations of acetate were similar before and between oral treatments as well as glycerol and FFA concentrations. Plasma acetate turnover was 11.4 ± 2.4 vs. 10.7 ± 1.4 µmol·kg^–1·min^–1 [not significant (NS)], and plasma glycerol turnover was 3.8 ± 0.4 vs. 4.8 ± 1.9 µmol·kg^–1·min^–1 (NS). After lactulose ingestion, acetate concentration increased twofold and then decreased to baseline. Acetate turnover rate increased to 15.5 ± 2.2 µmol·kg^–1·min^–1 after lactulose treatment, whereas it was unchanged after saline treatment (10.3 ± 2.2 µmol·kg^–1·min^–1, P 0.0001). In contrast, FFA concentrations decreased significantly after lactulose ingestion and then increased slowly. Glycerol turnover decreased after lactulose ingestion compared with saline, 2.8 ± 0.4 vs. 3.5 ± 0.3 µmol·kg^–1·min^–1 (P 0.05). A significant negative correlation was found between glycerol and acetate turnover after lactulose treatments (r = –0.78, P 0.02). These results showed in overweight subjects a short-term decrease in FFA level and glycerol turnover after lactulose ingestion related to a decrease of lipolysis in close relationship with an increase of acetate production.

stable isotopes; acetate; turnover; obesity; lipolysis; nonabsorbable carbohydrates