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Metabolic and cellular plasticity in white adipose tissue II: role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-

Departments of Psychiatry and Pathology, Center for Integrative Metabolic and Endocrine Research, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit Michigan

Submitted 11 January 2005 ; accepted in final form 27 May 2005

Chronic activation of adipocyte -adrenergic receptors induces remodeling of white adipose tissue (WAT) that includes a transient inflammatory response followed by mitochondrial biogenesis, induction of fatty acid oxidation genes, and elevation of tissue oxidative metabolism. Gene profiling experiments of WAT during remodeling induced by the ₃-adrenergic receptor agonist CL-316,243 (CL) suggested that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- (Ppara), which is upregulated by CL, might be an important transcriptional regulator of that process. Histological, physiological, and molecular analysis of CL-induced remodeling in wild-type mice and mice lacking Ppara demonstrated that Ppara was important for inducing adipocyte mitochondrial biogenesis and upregulating genes involved in fatty acid oxidation. Furthermore, Ppara-deficient mice exhibited sustained WAT inflammation during CL treatment, indicating that upregulation of Ppara limits proinflammatory signaling during chronic lipolytic activation. Together, these data support the hypothesis that WAT remodeling is an adaptive response to excessive fatty acid mobilization whereby Ppara and its downstream targets elevate fatty acid catabolism and suppress proinflammatory signaling.

transdifferentiation

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