HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) All Versions of this Article: 287/3/E574    most recent 00567.2003v1 Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in ISI Web of Science Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via ISI Web of Science (13) Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Granneman, J. G. Articles by Tilak, J. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Granneman, J. G. Articles by Tilak, J.

INNOVATIVE METHODOLOGY

Seeing the trees in the forest: selective electroporation of adipocytes within adipose tissue

Center for Integrative Metabolic and Endocrine Research, Departments of Pathology and Psychiatry, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201

Submitted 12 December 2003 ; accepted in final form 30 April 2004

Electroporation has been recently adapted for the transfer of macromolecules into cells of tissues in vivo. Although mature adipocytes constitute <20% of cells residing in adipose tissue, we hypothesized that fat cells might be susceptible to selective electrotransfer of plasmid DNA owing to their large size relative to other cells in the tissue. Results demonstrate the feasibility of electroporating DNA into mature fat cells with >99% selectivity over other cells in the tissue. Further experiments used the "adiporation" technique to image the subcellular targeting of fluorescent bioreporter molecules to the nucleus, mitochondria, and lipid droplets of adipocytes within intact adipose tissue. Finally, we utilized fluorescent bioreporters to examine the effects of constitutive activation of the -adrenergic signaling pathway in adipocytes. These results demonstrate that overexpression of rat ₁-adrenergic receptors alters the cellular morphology of white adipocytes in a fashion that mimics the effects of systemic infusion of ₃-adrenergic receptor agonists. Hallmarks of the altered morphology include pronounced fragmentation of the single lipid droplet, repositioning of the nucleus, and induction of mitochondrial biogenesis. These results indicate that activation of -adrenergic signaling within adipocytes is sufficient to induce a phenotype that resembles typical brown adipocytes and suggest that in vivo electroporation will allow molecular dissection of the mechanisms involved.

lipid droplet; morphology; perilipin; subcellular targeting; plasticity; mitochondrial biogenesis; gene transfer; biological imaging

This article has been cited by other articles:

				D. L. Allen, A. S. Cleary, K. J. Speaker, S. F. Lindsay, J. Uyenishi, J. M. Reed, M. C. Madden, and R. S. Mehan Myostatin, activin receptor IIb, and follistatin-like-3 gene expression are altered in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle of obese mice Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, May 1, 2008; 294(5): E918 - E927. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. L. Brasaemle Thematic review series: Adipocyte Biology. The perilipin family of structural lipid droplet proteins: stabilization of lipid droplets and control of lipolysis J. Lipid Res., December 1, 2007; 48(12): 2547 - 2559. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. Linscheid, D. Seboek, H. Zulewski, A. Scherberich, N. Blau, U. Keller, and B. Muller Cytokine-induced metabolic effects in human adipocytes are independent of endogenous nitric oxide Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, June 1, 2006; 290(6): E1068 - E1077. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H.-P. H. Moore, R. B. Silver, E. P. Mottillo, D. A. Bernlohr, and J. G. Granneman Perilipin Targets a Novel Pool of Lipid Droplets for Lipolytic Attack by Hormone-sensitive Lipase J. Biol. Chem., December 30, 2005; 280(52): 43109 - 43120. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. G. Granneman, P. Li, Z. Zhu, and Y. Lu Metabolic and cellular plasticity in white adipose tissue I: effects of {beta}3-adrenergic receptor activation Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, October 1, 2005; 289(4): E608 - E616. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. Li, Z. Zhu, Y. Lu, and J. G. Granneman Metabolic and cellular plasticity in white adipose tissue II: role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-{alpha} Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, October 1, 2005; 289(4): E617 - E626. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. L. Brasaemle, G. Dolios, L. Shapiro, and R. Wang Proteomic Analysis of Proteins Associated with Lipid Droplets of Basal and Lipolytically Stimulated 3T3-L1 Adipocytes J. Biol. Chem., November 5, 2004; 279(45): 46835 - 46842. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]