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Differential sensitivity of intranuclear and systemic oxytocin release to central noradrenergic receptor stimulation during mid- and late gestation in rats

Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112

Submitted 16 December 2003 ; accepted in final form 11 May 2004

A number of changes occur in the oxytocin (OT) system during gestation, such as increases in hypothalamic OT mRNA, increased neural lobe and systemic OT, and morphological and electrophysiological changes in OT-containing magnocellular neurons, suggestive of altered neuronal sensitivity, which may be mediated by ovarian steroids. Because central norepinephrine (NE) and histamine (HA) are potent stimulators of OT release during parturition and lactation, the present study investigated the effects of central noradrenergic and histaminergic receptor activation on systemic (NE, HA) and intranuclear (NE) OT release in pregnant rats and in ovariectomized rats treated with ovarian steroids. Plasma OT levels in late gestation were significantly higher compared with all other groups, and neither adrenergic nor histaminergic receptor blockade decreased these elevated levels. Furthermore, the -adrenergic agonist phenylephrine, but not histamine, stimulated systemic OT release to a significantly greater extent in late gestation than in midpregnant, ovariectomized, or steroid-treated females. Although basal extracellular OT levels in the paraventricular nucleus, as measured with microdialysis, were unchanged during pregnancy or steroid treatment, noradrenergic receptor stimulation of intranuclear OT release was significantly elevated in midgestation females compared with all other groups. These studies indicate that sensitivity of intranuclear and systemic OT release to noradrenergic receptor activation differentially varies during the course of gestation.

pregnancy; neurotransmitter; norepinephrine; histamine; estradiol; progesterone

This article has been cited by other articles:

				S. L. Bealer, D. L. Lipschitz, G. Ramoz, and W. R. Crowley Oxytocin receptor binding in the hypothalamus during gestation in rats Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, July 1, 2006; 291(1): R53 - R58. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]