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Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 285: E693-E700, 2003. First published June 10, 2003; doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00224.2003
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Brief calorie restriction increases Akt2 phosphorylation in insulin-stimulated rat skeletal muscle

Carrie E. McCurdy,1 Robert T. Davidson,2 and Gregory D. Cartee1,2

Departments of 1Nutritional Sciences and 2Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706

Submitted 19 May 2003 ; accepted in final form 4 June 2003

Skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity improves with short-term reduction in calorie intake. The goal of this study was to evaluate changes in the abundance and phosphorylation of Akt1 and Akt2 as potential mechanisms for enhanced insulin action after 20 days of moderate calorie restriction [CR; 60% of ad libitum (AL) intake] in rat skeletal muscle. We also assessed changes in the abundance of SH2 domain-containing inositol phosphatase (SHIP2), a negative regulator of insulin signaling. Fisher 344 x Brown Norway rats were assigned to an AL control group or a CR treatment group for 20 days. Epitrochlearis muscles were dissected and incubated with or without insulin (500 µU/ml). Total Akt serine and threonine phosphorylation was significantly increased by 32 (P < 0.01) and 30% (P < 0.005) in insulin-stimulated muscles from CR vs. AL. Despite an increase in total Akt phosphorylation, there was no difference in Akt1 serine or Akt1 threonine phosphorylation between CR and AL insulin-treated muscles. However, there was a 30% decrease (P < 0.05) in Akt1 abundance for CR vs. AL. In contrast, there was no change in Akt2 protein abundance, and there was a 94% increase (P < 0.05) in Akt2 serine phosphorylation and an increase of 75% (P < 0.05) in Akt2 threonine phosphorylation of insulin-stimulated CR muscles compared with AL. There was no diet effect on SHIP2 abundance in skeletal muscle. These results suggest that, with brief CR, enhanced Akt2 phosphorylation may play a role in increasing insulin sensitivity in rat skeletal muscles.

dietary restriction; insulin signaling; glucose transport; SH2 domain-containing inositol phosphatase; protein kinase B


Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: G. Cartee, Dept. of Kinesiology, 2000 Observatory Dr., Rm 1149, Madison, WI 53706 (E-mail: cartee{at}education.wisc.edu).




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