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Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and Diabetes Research and Training Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
Epinephrine
increases net hepatic glucose output (NHGO) mainly via increased
gluconeogenesis, whereas glucagon increases NHGO mainly via increased
glycogenolysis. The aim of the present study was to determine how the
two hormones interact in controlling glucose production. In 18-h-fasted
conscious dogs, a pancreatic clamp initially fixed insulin and glucagon
at basal levels, following which one of four protocols was instituted.
In G + E, glucagon (1.5 ng · kg
1 · min1;
portally) and epinephrine (50 ng · kg1 · min1;
peripherally) were increased; in G, glucagon was increased alone; in E,
epinephrine was increased alone; and in C, neither was increased. In G,
E, and C, glucose was infused to match the hyperglycemia seen in G + E
(~250 mg/dl). The areas under the curve for the increase in NHGO,
after the change in C was subtracted, were as follows: G = 661 ± 185, E = 424 ± 158, G + E = 1,178 ± 57 mg/kg. Therefore, the overall effects of the two hormones on NHGO
were additive. Additionally, glucagon exerted its full glycogenolytic effect, whereas epinephrine exerted its full gluconeogenic effect, such
that both processes increased significantly during concurrent hormone administration.
canine; gluconeogenesis; glycogenolysis; counterregulatory hormones
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