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Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
In view of the recent success in
pancreatic islet transplantation, interest in treating diabetes by the
delivery of insulin-producing 
-cells has been renewed. Because
differentiated pancreatic -cells cannot be expanded significantly in
vitro, -cell stem or progenitor cells are seen as a potential source
for the preparation of transplantable insulin-producing tissue. In
addition to embryonic stem (ES) cells, several potential adult
islet/-cell progenitors, derived from pancreas, liver, and bone
marrow, are being studied. To date, none of the candidate cells has
been fully characterized or is clinically applicable, but pancreatic
physiology makes the existence of one or more types of adult islet stem
cells very likely. It also seems possible that pluripotential stem
cells, derived from the bone marrow, contribute to adult islet
neogenesis. In future studies, more stringent criteria should be met to
clonally define adult islet/-cell progenitor cells. If this can be
achieved, the utilization of these cells for the generation of
insulin-producing -cells in vitro seems to be feasible in the near future.
pancreatic islets; liver oval cells; embryonic stem cells; nestin; insulin; islet-like clusters; -cell; transplantation
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