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Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 283: E667-E675, 2002. First published June 4, 2002; doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00115.2002
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Vol. 283, Issue 4, E667-E675, October 2002

Copper transport to mammary gland and milk during lactation in rats

Stephanie A. Donley, Bernard J. Ilagan, Hisun Rim, and Maria C. Linder

Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Institute for Molecular Biology and Nutrition, California State University, Fullerton, California 92834-6866

The delivery of copper to mammary gland and milk and the effects of lactation were examined in rats. Traces of 67Cu/64Cu(II) were injected intraperitoneally or intravenously into virgin rats or lactating rats (2-5 days postpartum), and incorporation into blood, milk, and tissues was monitored. In virgin rats, most of the isotope first entered the liver and kidney. In lactating rats, almost 60% went directly to the mammary gland. Uptake rates and copper contents of the mammary gland were 20-fold higher in lactation. 67Cu/64Cu appeared in milk and milk ceruloplasmin as rapidly as in mammary tissue and when there was no 67Cu/64Cu-ceruloplasmin in the maternal plasma. Plasma 125I-labeled albumin entered milk much more slowly. Milk ceruloplasmin (10 mg/l) had 25% of the 67Cu/64Cu. Milk copper was 3.3 mg/l. Thus lactation markedly enhances the avidity of the mammary gland for copper, diverting most of it from liver and kidney to that tissue. Also, the primary source of milk ceruloplasmin is the mammary gland and not the maternal plasma.

ceruloplasmin; copper-67; copper-64; iodine-125 albumin; pregnancy; virgin rats


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