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1 Center for Human Nutrition and Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110; 2 Department of Animal Science and Faculty of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843; 3 Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901; and 4 St. Bartholomew's and The Royal London School of Medicine, London E1 1BB, UK
The effect of obesity on regional skeletal
muscle and adipose tissue amino acid metabolism is not known. We
evaluated systemic and regional (forearm and abdominal subcutaneous
adipose tissue) amino acid metabolism, by use of a combination of
stable isotope tracer and arteriovenous balance methods, in five lean
women [body mass index (BMI) <25 kg/m2] and five women
with abdominal obesity (BMI 35.0-39.9 kg/m2; waist
circumference >100 cm) who were matched on fat-free mass (FFM). All
subjects were studied at 22 h of fasting to ensure that the
subjects were in net protein breakdown during this early phase of
starvation. Leucine rate of appearance in plasma (an index of whole
body proteolysis), expressed per unit of FFM, was not significantly
different between lean and obese groups (2.05 ± 0.18 and
2.34 ± 0.04 µmol · kg
FFM
1 · min1, respectively).
However, the rate of leucine release from forearm and adipose tissues
in obese women (24.0 ± 4.8 and 16.6 ± 6.5 nmol · 100 g1 · min1,
respectively) was lower than in lean women (66.8 ± 10.6 and 38.6 ± 7.0 nmol · 100 g1 · min1, respectively;
P < 0.05). Approximately 5-10% of total whole body leucine release into plasma was derived from adipose tissue in
lean and obese women. The results of this study demonstrate that the
rate of release of amino acids per unit of forearm and adipose tissue
at 22 h of fasting is lower in women with abdominal obesity than
in lean women, which may help obese women decrease body protein losses
during fasting. In addition, adipose tissue is a quantitatively
important site for proteolysis in both lean and obese subjects.
obesity; stable isotope tracers; protein metabolism
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