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Department of Internal Medicine and Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
Data obtained from studies conducted in animal models
and humans suggest that gender affects the metabolic response to
fasting. However, differences in body composition between males and
females confound the interpretation of these studies, because increased adiposity itself alters the metabolic response to short-term fasting. We evaluated whole body lipid and glucose kinetics during basal (14-h
fast) and short-term fasting (22-h fast) conditions in six women and
six men who were matched for adiposity (24 ± 2 and 23 ± 2%
body wt as fat, respectively). Substrate kinetics were measured by
infusing stable isotope labeled tracers of glucose
([2H2]glucose) and glycerol
([2H5]glycerol). Basal glycerol rate of
appearance (Ra) in plasma, an indicator of whole body
lipolytic rate, was greater in women than in men (2.1 ± 0.2 vs.
1.5 ± 0.1 µmol · kg body
wt
1 · min1; P < 0.05). However, the relative increase in glycerol Ra with continued fasting was blunted in women compared with men (40 ± 7 vs. 80 ± 4% increase; P < 0.05), resulting in
similar lipolytic rates in both genders at 22 h (2.8 ± 0.2 and 2.6 ± 0.1 µmol · kg body
wt1 · min1 for women and men,
respectively). In contrast, glucose Ra was similar in men
and women at 14 h (11 ± 0.6 vs. 12 ± 0.7 µmol · kg body
wt1 · min1) and 22 h of
fasting (9 ± 0.6 vs. 10 ± 0.6 µmol · kg body
wt1 · min1). These data demonstrate
the presence of sexual dimorphism in lipid, but not glucose, metabolism
during both basal and short-term fasting conditions.
fatty acids; lipolysis; glucose production; stable isotopes
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