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1 Division of Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205; 2 Department of Nutrition, University of Montreal, Montreal, H2L 4M1 Quebec, Canada; and 3 Center for Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Research and Development, Departments of Medicine and 4 Biomedical Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
The simultaneous release and uptake of lactate by the heart has been observed both in vivo and ex vivo; however, the pathways underlying these observations have not been satisfactorily explained. Consequently, the purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that hearts release lactate from glycolysis while simultaneously taking up exogenous lactate. Therefore, we determined the effects of fatty acids and diabetes on the regulation of lactate uptake and release. Hearts from control and 1-wk diabetic animals were perfused with 5 mM glucose, 0.5 mM [3-13C]lactate, and 0, 0.1, 0.32, or 1.0 mM palmitate. Parameters measured include perfusate lactate concentrations, fractional enrichment, and coronary flow rates, which enabled the simultaneous, but independent, measurements of the rates of 1) uptake of exogenous [13C]lactate and 2) efflux of unlabeled lactate from metabolism of glucose. Although the rates of lactate uptake and efflux were both similarly inhibited by the addition of palmitate, (i.e., the ratio of lactate uptake to efflux remained constant), the ratio of lactate uptake to efflux was significantly higher in the controls compared with the diabetic group (1.00 ± 0.14 vs. 0.50 ± 0.07, P < 0.002). These data, combined with heterogeneous 13C enrichment of tissue lactate, pyruvate, and alanine, suggest that glycolytically derived lactate production and oxidation of exogenous lactate operate as functionally separate metabolic pathways. These results are consistent with the concept of an intracellular lactate shuttle.
nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; diabetes; palmitate
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