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-cell development in
rats
1 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 457, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris; and 2 Unité Propre de Recherche de l'Enseignement Superieur Equipe d'Accueil, EA 2701, University of Lille 1, Lille, France
In
rats, poor fetal growth due to maternal food restriction during
pregnancy is associated with decreased 
-cell mass at birth and
glucose intolerance in adulthood. Overexposure to glucocorticoids in
utero can induce intrauterine growth retardation in humans and animals
and subsequent glucose intolerance in rodents. The aims of this study
were to investigate whether glucocorticoid overexposure mediates the
effect of undernutrition on -cell mass and to study their potential
role in normally nourished rats. Undernutrition significantly increased
maternal and fetal corticosterone levels. Twenty-one-day-old fetuses
with undernutrition showed growth retardation and decreased pancreatic
insulin content; adrenalectomy and subcutaneous corticosterone implants
in their dams prevented the maternal corticosterone increase and
restored fetal -cell mass. In fetuses with normal nutrition, fetal
corticosterone levels were negatively correlated to fetal weight and
insulin content; fetal -cell mass increased from 355 ± 48 µg
in sham to 516 ± 160 µg after maternal adrenalectomy;
inhibition of steroid production by metyrapone induced a further
increase to 757 ± 125 µg. Our data support the new concept of a
negative role of glucocorticoids in fetal -cell development.
undernutrition; pancreatic -cell; morphometry; fetal
environment
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