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Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 279: E1413-E1425, 2000;
0193-1849/00 $5.00
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Vol. 279, Issue 6, E1413-E1425, December 2000

PACAP-(1-38) as neurotransmitter in the porcine adrenal glands

Karen Tornøe1, Jens Hannibal2, Tine Børglum Jensen3, Birgitte Georg2, Lars Fledelius Rickelt1, Malene Bolding Andreasen1, Jan Fahrenkrug2, and Jens Juul Holst1

1 Department of Medical Physiology, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen DK 2200; 2 Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Bispebjerg Hospital DK 2400; and 3 Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, DK 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark

The concentration of pituitary adenylyl cyclase-activating polypeptide [PACAP-(1-38)] in porcine adrenal glands amounted to 14 ± 3 pmol/g tissue. PACAP immunoreactive (PACAP-IR) fibers innervated adrenal chromaffin cells (often co-localized with choline acetyltransferase). Subcapsular fibers traversed the cortex-innervating endocrine cells and blood vessels [some co-storing mainly calcitonin gene-related peptide but also vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)]. PACAP-IR fibers were demonstrated in the splanchnic nerves, whereas IR adrenal nerve cell bodies were absent. In isolated, vascularly perfused adrenal gland, splanchnic nerve stimulation (16 Hz) and capsaicin (10-5 M) increased PACAP-(1-38) release (1.6-fold and 6-fold respectively, P = 0.02). PACAP-(1-38) dose-dependently stimulated cortisol (2 × 10-10 M; 24-fold increase, P = 0.02) and chromogranin A fragment (2 × 10-9 M; 15-fold increase, P = 0.05) secretion. Both were strongly inhibited by the PAC1/VPAC2 receptor antagonist PACAP-(6-38) (10-7 M). PACAP-(6-38) also inhibited splanchnic nerve (10 Hz)-induced cortisol secretion but lacked any effect on splanchnic nerve-induced pancreastatin secretion. PACAP-(1-38) (2 × 10-10 M) decreased vascular resistance from 5.5 ± 0.6 to 4.6 ± 0.4 mmHg · min · ml-1. PACAP-(6-38) had no effect on this response. We conclude that PACAP-(1-38) may play a role in splanchnic nerve-induced adrenal secretion and in afferent reflex pathways.

pituitary adenylyl cyclase-activating polypeptide receptor antagonist; pancreastatin; catecholamines; cortisol


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Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide Induces a Sustained Increase in Intracellular Free Ca2+ Concentration and Catecholamine Release by Activating Ca2+ Influx via Receptor-Stimulated Ca2+ Entry, Independent of Store-Operated Ca2+ Channels, and Voltage-Dependent Ca2+ Channels in Bovine Adrenal Medullary Chromaffin Cells
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