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Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 279: E927-E940, 2000;
0193-1849/00 $5.00
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Vol. 279, Issue 4, E927-E940, October 2000

Augmentation of basal insulin release from rat islets by preexposure to a high concentration of glucose

Shimpei Fujimoto1, Yoshiyuki Tsuura1, Hitoshi Ishida2, Kazuo Tsuji3, Eri Mukai1, Mariko Kajikawa1, Yoshiyuki Hamamoto1, Tomomi Takeda1, Yuichiro Yamada1, and Yutaka Seino1

1 Department of Metabolism and Clinical Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606 - 8507; 2 Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo 181 - 8611; and 3 Department of Internal Medicine, Kitano Hospital, Osaka 530-0026, Japan

We have found that preexposure to an elevated concentration of glucose reversibly induces an enhancement of basal insulin release from rat pancreatic islets dependent on glucose metabolism. This basal insulin release augmented by priming was not suppressed by reduction of the intracellular ATP or Ca2+ concentration, because even in the absence of ATP at low Ca2+, the augmentation was not abolished from primed electrically permeabilized islets. Moreover, it was not inhibited by an alpha -adrenergic antagonist, clonidine. A threshold level of GTP is required to induce these effects, because together with adenine, mycophenolic acid, a cytosolic GTP synthesis inhibitor, completely abolished the enhancement of basal insulin release due to the glucose-induced priming without affecting the glucose-induced increment in ATP content and ATP-to-ADP ratio. In addition, a GDP analog significantly suppressed the enhanced insulin release due to priming from permeabilized islets in the absence of ATP at low Ca2+, suggesting that the GTP-sensitive site may play a role in the augmentation of basal insulin release due to the glucose-induced priming effect.

glucose-induced priming effect; basal insulin release; guanosine 5'-triphosphate; rat pancreatic islets


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