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1 Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre and 2 Department of Human Physiology, The August Krogh Institute, and 3 Department of Medical Physiology, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
Previous studies have
indicated that frequency of stimulation is a major determinant of
glucose transport in contracting muscle. We have now studied whether
this is so also when total force development or metabolic rate is kept
constant. Incubated soleus muscles were electrically stimulated to
perform repeated tetanic contractions at four different frequencies
(0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2 Hz) for 10 min. Resting length was adjusted to
achieve identical total force development or metabolic rate (glycogen depletion and lactate accumulation). Overall, at constant total force
development, glucose transport (2-deoxyglucose uptake) increased with
stimulation frequency (P < 0.05; basal: 25 ± 2, 0.25 Hz: 50 ± 4, 0.5 Hz: 50 ± 3, 1 Hz: 81 ± 5, 2 Hz:
79 ± 3 nmol · g
1 · 5 min1). However, glucose transport was identical
(P > 0.05) at the two lower (0.25 and 0.5 Hz) as well
as at the two higher (1 and 2 Hz) frequencies. Glycogen decreased
(P < 0.05; basal: 19 ± 1, 0.25 Hz: 13 ± 1, 0.5 Hz: 12 ± 2, 1 Hz: 7 ± 1, 2 Hz: 7 ± 1 mmol/kg) and
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity increased (P < 0.05; basal: 1.7 ± 0.4, 0.25 Hz: 32.4 ± 7.0, 0.5 Hz: 36.5 ± 2.1, 1 Hz: 63.4 ± 8.0, 2 Hz:
67.0 ± 13.4 pmol · mg1 · min1) when
glucose transport increased. Experiments with constant metabolic rate
were carried out in soleus, flexor digitorum brevis, and epitrochlearis
muscles. In all muscles, glucose transport was identical at 0.5 and 2 Hz (P > 0.05); also, AMPK activity did not increase
with stimulation frequency. In conclusion, muscle glucose transport
increases with stimulation frequency but only in the face of energy
depletion and increase in AMPK activity. This indicates that
contraction-induced glucose transport is elicited by metabolic demands
rather than by events occurring early during the excitation-contraction coupling.
5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase; metabolism; exercise; GLUT-4; signal transduction
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