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1 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy; 2 Department of Internal Medicine, University of Munich, D-81377 Munich, Germany; and 3 Departments of Internal Medicine and Physiology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15700 Santiago, Spain.
We studied growth hormone (GH) and leptin secretion in eight male (age 29.3 ± 1.2 yr, body mass index 22.2 ± 0.5 kg/m2) and seven female normal subjects (28.0 ± 0.8 yr, 20.1 ± 0.7 kg/m2) before and after 36 h of fasting. In the fed state, 8-h mean GH and leptin concentrations were higher in females (P < 0.05 and P < 0.0001, respectively). Fasting increased GH and decreased leptin in both sexes. There was significant interaction between gender and fasting (P < 0.05 for GH and P < 0.005 for leptin). Females showed a slighter increase in GH but a more marked decrease in leptin, so that there was no significant gender-related difference in GH and leptin after fasting. Fasting did not modify insulin-like growth factor (IGF) I, IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-3, acid-labile subunit, or GH binding protein; increased IGFBP-1 and free fatty acids (P < 0.0001) but decreased glucose (P < 0.001) and insulin levels (P < 0.05). In males, insulin levels were higher (P < 0.05) in the fed state and underwent deeper reduction after fasting (interaction P < 0.03). In conclusion, GH and leptin secretions are higher in women than in men in the fed but not in the fasting condition, which abolishes these gender-related differences in humans.
gender; insulin-like growth factor I; insulin-like growth factor binding proteins; insulin; glucose
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