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1 Department of Human Biology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1; and 2 Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
We examined the effects of 8 wk of
intense endurance training on free fatty acid (FFA) transporters and
metabolism in resting and contracting soleus muscle using pulse-chase
procedures. Endurance training increased maximal citrate synthase
activity in red muscles (+54 to +91%; P 
0.05) but failed to
increase cytosolic fatty acid binding protein content, mRNA for fatty
acyl-CoA synthase, and the putative FFA transporters or transport of
palmitic acid into giant sarcolemmal vesicles. At rest, only
triacylglycerol (TG) synthesis was significantly increased by training
(+100.9 ± 8.7 vs. +66.6 ± 6.7 nmol/g wet wt; P 0.05).
Muscle contraction increased TG synthesis (+46%; P 0.05)
and palmitate oxidation (+115%; P 0.05) in untrained rats.
Endurance training further enhanced synthesis of monoacylglycerol (MG),
diacylglycerol (DG) and TG during contraction (+36, +69 and +71%,
respectively; P 0.05), as well as exogenous palmitate
oxidation (+41%; P 0.05) relative to untrained rats.
Compared with those in untrained rats, TG breakdown and oxidation
during contraction were reduced after training by 49 and 30%,
respectively (P 0.05). In conclusion, endurance training
1) increases FFA oxidation and incorporation into endogenous
lipid pools during contraction and 2) reduces the rate of
intramuscular TG utilization during contraction when exogenous FFA
availability is adequate. The enhanced FFA uptake subsequent to
training appears to be independent of altered maximal transport rates
of FFA into the muscle cell.
pulse-chase technique; fatty acid transporters
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