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1 Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley 94720; 3 Palo Alto Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Palo Alto, California 94304; 4 Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado 80262; and 2 Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France
To evaluate the effects of endurance training on the
expression of monocarboxylate transporters (MCT) in human vastus
lateralis muscle, we compared the amounts of MCT1 and MCT4 in total
muscle preparations (MU) and sarcolemma-enriched (SL) and
mitochondria-enriched (MI) fractions before and after training. To
determine if changes in muscle lactate release and oxidation were
associated with training-induced changes in MCT expression, we
correlated band densities in Western blots to lactate kinetics
determined in vivo. Nine weeks of leg cycle endurance training
[75% peak oxygen consumption
(
O2 peak)] increased muscle citrate synthase activity (+75%, P < 0.05)
and percentage of type I myosin heavy chain (+50%, P < 0.05); percentage of MU lactate dehydrogenase-5 (M4) isozyme
decreased (
12%, P < 0.05). MCT1 was detected in SL
and MI fractions, and MCT4 was localized to the SL. Muscle MCT1
contents were consistent among subjects both before and after training;
in contrast, MCT4 contents showed large interindividual variations.
MCT1 amounts significantly increased in MU, SL, and MI after training
(+90%, +60%, and +78%, respectively), whereas SL but not
MU MCT4 content increased after training (+47%, P < 0.05).
Mitochondrial MCT1 content was negatively correlated to net leg lactate
release at rest (r = 0.85, P < 0.02).
Sarcolemmal MCT1 and MCT4 contents correlated positively to net leg
lactate release at 5 min of exercise at 65%
O2 peak (r = 0.76, P < 0.03 and r = 0.86, P < 0.01, respectively). Results support the conclusions that 1)
endurance training increases expression of MCT1 in muscle because
of insertion of MCT1 into both sarcolemmal and mitochondrial membranes,
2) training has variable effects on sarcolemmal MCT4, and
3) both MCT1 and MCT4 participate in the cell-cell
lactate shuttle, whereas MCT1 facilitates operation of the
intracellular lactate shuttle.
exercise; exertion; lactate; lactate shuttle; lactate transport; glucose transport; lactate dehydrogenase; mitochondria; monocarboxylate transporter
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