| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, and University of Florida Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610
Since it was discovered ten years ago, the angiotensin II (ANG II) type 2 (AT2) receptor has been an enigma. This receptor binds ANG II with a high affinity but is not responsible for mediating any of the classical physiological actions of this peptide, all of which involve the ANG II type 1 (AT1) receptor. Furthermore, the AT2 receptor exhibits dramatic differences in biochemical and functional properties and in patterns of expression compared with the AT1 receptor. During the past decade, much information has been gathered about the AT2 receptor, and the steadily increasing number of publications indicates a growing interest in this new and independent area of research. A number of studies suggest a role of AT2 receptors in brain, renal, and cardiovascular functions and in the processes of apoptosis and tissue regeneration. Despite these advances, nothing stands out as the major singular function of these receptors. The study of AT2 receptors has reached a crossroads, and innovative approaches must be considered so that unifying mechanisms as to the function of these unique receptors can be put forward. In this review we will discuss the advances that have been made in understanding the biology of the AT2 receptor. Furthermore, we will consider how these discoveries, along with newer experimental approaches, may eventually lead to the elusive physiological and pathophysiological functions of these receptors.
seven transmembrane domain receptors; G protein; phosphatases; apoptosis; tissue regeneration
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  X. Zhang, G. Wang, D. J. Dupre, Y. Feng, M. Robitaille, E. Lazartigues, Y.-H. Feng, T. E. Hebert, and G. Wu Rab1 GTPase and Dimerization in the Cell Surface Expression of Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., July 1, 2009; 330(1): 109 - 117. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. K. Stennett, X. Qiao, A. E. Falone, V. V. Koledova, and R. A. Khalil Increased vascular angiotensin type 2 receptor expression and NOS-mediated mechanisms of vascular relaxation in pregnant rats Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, March 1, 2009; 296(3): H745 - H755. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. Ulmasov, Z. Xu, L. H. Tetri, T. Inagami, and B. A. Neuschwander-Tetri Protective role of angiotensin II type 2 receptor signaling in a mouse model of pancreatic fibrosis Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, February 1, 2009; 296(2): G284 - G294. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. H Barreta, J. F. C Oliveira, R. Ferreira, A. Q Antoniazzi, B. G Gasperin, L. R Sandri, and P. B. D Goncalves Evidence that the effect of angiotensin II on bovine oocyte nuclear maturation is mediated by prostaglandins E2 and F2{alpha} Reproduction, December 1, 2008; 136(6): 733 - 740. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Ferreira, J. F. Oliveira, R. Fernandes, J. F. Moraes, and P. B. Goncalves The role of angiotensin II in the early stages of bovine ovulation Reproduction, November 1, 2007; 134(5): 713 - 719. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. C. Joshi and D. M. Guidot The alcoholic lung: epidemiology, pathophysiology, and potential therapies Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, April 1, 2007; 292(4): L813 - L823. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. H. Strauss and A. S. Hall Angiotensin Receptor Blockers May Increase Risk of Myocardial Infarction: Unraveling the ARB-MI Paradox Circulation, August 22, 2006; 114(8): 838 - 854. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Molavi, J. Chen, and J. L. Mehta Cardioprotective effects of rosiglitazone are associated with selective overexpression of type 2 angiotensin receptors and inhibition of p42/44 MAPK Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, August 1, 2006; 291(2): H687 - H693. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. J. Katovich, J. L. Grobe, M. Huentelman, and M. K. Raizada Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 as a novel target for gene therapy for hypertension Exp Physiol, May 1, 2005; 90(3): 299 - 305. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. M. Duke, R. G. Evans, and R. E Widdop AT2 receptors contribute to acute blood pressure-lowering and vasodilator effects of AT1 receptor antagonism in conscious normotensive but not hypertensive rats Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, May 1, 2005; 288(5): H2289 - H2297. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. L. Falcon, J. M. Stewart, E. Bourassa, M. J. Katovich, G. Walter, R. C. Speth, C. Sumners, and M. K. Raizada Angiotensin II type 2 receptor gene transfer elicits cardioprotective effects in an angiotensin II infusion rat model of hypertension Physiol Genomics, November 17, 2004; 19(3): 255 - 261. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. W. Wright, E. Tamura-Myers, W. L. Wilson, B. P. Roques, C. Llorens-Cortes, R. C. Speth, and J. W. Harding Conversion of brain angiotensin II to angiotensin III is critical for pressor response in rats Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, March 1, 2003; 284(3): R725 - R733. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Rhinehart, C. A. Handelsman, E. P. Silldorff, and T. L. Pallone ANG II AT2 receptor modulates AT1 receptor-mediated descending vasa recta endothelial Ca2+ signaling Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, March 1, 2003; 284(3): H779 - H789. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. P. Bagby, L. S. LeBard, Z. Luo, B. E. Ogden, C. Corless, E. D. McPherson, and R. C. Speth ANG II AT1 and AT2 receptors in developing kidney of normal microswine Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, October 1, 2002; 283(4): F755 - F764. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Suzuki, M. Iwai, H. Nakagami, L. Wu, R. Chen, T. Sugaya, M. Hamada, K. Hiwada, and M. Horiuchi Role of Angiotensin II-Regulated Apoptosis Through Distinct AT1 and AT2 Receptors in Neointimal Formation Circulation, August 13, 2002; 106(7): 847 - 853. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. P. Bagby, L. S. LeBard, Z. Luo, R. C. Speth, B. E. Ogden, and C. L. Corless Angiotensin II Type 1 and 2 Receptors in Conduit Arteries of Normal Developing Microswine Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., July 11, 2002; 22(7): 1113 - 1121. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y.-P. Fan, R. N. Puri, and S. Rattan Animal model for angiotensin II effects in the internal anal sphincter smooth muscle: mechanism of action Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, March 1, 2002; 282(3): G461 - G469. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Llorens-Cortes and F. A. Mendelsohn Organisation and functional role of the brain angiotensin system Journal of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System, March 1, 2002; 3(1_suppl): S39 - S48. [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. A. Nadal, G. M. Scicli, L. A. Carbini, and A. G. Scicli Angiotensin II stimulates migration of retinal microvascular pericytes: involvement of TGF-beta and PDGF-BB Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, February 1, 2002; 282(2): H739 - H748. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. L. Segar, G. B. Dalshaug, K. A. Bedell, O. M. Smith, and T. D. Scholz Angiotensin II in cardiac pressure-overload hypertrophy in fetal sheep Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, December 1, 2001; 281(6): R2037 - R2047. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Berry, R. Touyz, A. F. Dominiczak, R. C. Webb, and D. G. Johns Angiotensin receptors: signaling, vascular pathophysiology, and interactions with ceramide Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, December 1, 2001; 281(6): H2337 - H2365. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J.-K. Chen, J. Zimpelmann, R. C. Harris, and K. D. Burns Angiotensin IV induces tyrosine phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase and paxillin in proximal tubule cells Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, June 1, 2001; 280(6): F980 - F988. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Zhu, C. Sumners, C. H. Gelband, and P. Posner Chronotropic Effect of Angiotensin II via Type 2 Receptors in Rat Brain Neurons J Neurophysiol, May 1, 2001; 85(5): 2177 - 2183. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. L. Segar, K. A. Bedell, and O. J. Smith Glucocorticoid modulation of cardiovascular and autonomic function in preterm lambs: role of ANG II Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, March 1, 2001; 280(3): R646 - R654. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. M. Touyz and E. L. Schiffrin Signal Transduction Mechanisms Mediating the Physiological and Pathophysiological Actions of Angiotensin II in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Pharmacol. Rev., December 1, 2000; 52(4): 639 - 672. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Zhu, R. Natarajan, J. L. Nadler, J. M. Moore, C. H. Gelband, and C. Sumners Angiotensin II Increases Neuronal Delayed Rectifier K+ Current: Role of 12-Lipoxygenase Metabolites of Arachidonic Acid J Neurophysiol, November 1, 2000; 84(5): 2494 - 2501. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Willenbrock, S. Philipp, V. Mitrovic, and R. Dietz Neurohumoral blockade in CHF management Journal of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System, March 1, 2000; 1(1_suppl): 24 - 30. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
| Visit Other APS Journals Online |
