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Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 277: E223-E231, 1999;
0193-1849/99 $5.00
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Vol. 277, Issue 2, E223-E231, August 1999

Proline ameliorates arginine deficiency during enteral but not parenteral feeding in neonatal piglets

Janet A. Brunton1, Robert F. P. Bertolo2, Paul B. Pencharz1,2,3,4,5, and Ronald O. Ball1,2,3,5

1 Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5; 2 Human Biology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1; and 3 The Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, and Departments of 4 Paediatrics and 5 Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X8

The indispensability of arginine has not been conclusively established in newborns. Because parenteral feeding bypasses the gut (where de novo synthesis of arginine occurs from proline), a dietary supply of arginine that is sufficient to maintain urea cycle function may be of greater importance during intravenous compared with enteral feeding. Two-day-old piglets (n = 12) were fed nutritionally complete diets for 5 days via either a central vein catheter (IV pigs, n = 6) or a gastric catheter (IG pigs, n = 6). Subsequently, each piglet received three incomplete test diets [arginine free (-ARG/+PRO), proline free (-PRO/+ARG), or arginine and proline free (-ARG/-PRO)] in a randomized crossover design. Plasma ammonia was assayed every 30 min for 8 h or until hyperammonemia was observed. Ammonia increased rapidly in IV pigs receiving -ARG/+PRO and -ARG/-PRO (84 ± 36 and 74 ± 37 µmol · l-1 · h-1, respectively), requiring early diet cessation. A rapid increase was also exhibited by IG pigs receiving the -ARG/-PRO, but not the -ARG/+PRO diet (31 ± 15 vs. 11 ± 7 µmol · l-1 · h-1, respectively, P < 0.05). Plasma arginine and proline were indicative of deficiency (IG and IV groups) when deplete diets were infused. Arginine is indispensable in parenteral and enteral nutrition, independent of dietary proline.

hyperammonemia; total parenteral nutrition; newborn; urea cycle


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